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Caviar tongue is a condition characterized by the purplish nodular swelling of veins found on the undersurface of the tongue. [1]It is normal for there to be veins visible underneath the tongue, partly because the mucous membrane is so thin and translucent in this region, but where these vessels become dilated and tortuous, they may appear round and black like caviar. [2]
The lingual veins are multiple veins of the tongue with two distinct courses: one group drains into the lingual artery; another group drains either into the lingual artery, (common) facial vein, or internal jugular vein.
The tongue is moved side to side and inspected; it should be pink, moist, smooth and glistening. Assessment of the ventral (bottom) surface of the tongue is done by having the patient touch the tip of their tongue against the roof of their mouth. If healthy, it should have prominent veins and be pink, smooth, moist, glistening and free of lesions.
People with EBV could have oral hair leukoplakia, white, sometimes hairy, patches on the tongue; people with HPV could have papilloma bumps; and people with herpes develop cold sore blisters on ...
Some people have small (<1 cm) horn-like triangular flaps of "skin" under their tongue. They are on each side of the frenulum (the piece of tissue connecting the bottom of the tongue to the inside of the mouth) under the tongue and run parallel next to the two distinct veins.
It is a very common oral condition and affects 13% of the world population. It is often due to poor oral hygiene which leads to accumulation of oral bacteria and build up of keratin on the tongue surface. Black hairy tongue can also be associated with the use of certain medications such as antibiotics, prolonged coffee/tea drinking habit, or ...
The tongue is attached to the floor of the oral cavity by the frenulum. Sketch of an open mouth showing the frenulum and surrounding structures. Superficial veins run through the base of the frenulum known as varicosities. Their presence is normal, becoming more and more prominent as one ages. [5]
The tongue may traumatized by mechanical, thermal, electrical or chemical means. A common scenario is where the tongue is bitten accidentally whilst a local anesthetic inferior alveolar nerve block is wearing off. The tongue may develop scalloping on the lateral margins, sometimes termed crenated tongue.