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Ibn Abd al-Wahhab himself or his followers typically refer to themselves as Salafi, Sunni or Muwahhidun. [1] [2] [3] The term Wahhabi was probably first used by Sulayman ibn Abd al-Wahhab, a staunch opponent of his brother's views until 1776 CE /AH 1190, who declared the Wahhabi movement as the personal interpretation of its leader.
This is the consensus of the Sunni toward the Shia public and ignorant followers.” [104] Another difference is Islamic State's total rejection of traditional Islamic scholars, whom they accuse of being agents of apostate regimes. In contrast, Al-Qaeda considers mainstream clerics as authoritative and follows the policy of appealing to them ...
Starting in the mid-1970s and 1980s (and appearing to diminish after 2017), [1] Salafism and Wahhabism [2] — along with other Sunni interpretations of Islam favored by the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [3] [4] [5] and other Gulf monarchies — achieved [a] a "preeminent position of strength in the global expression of Islam."
With its various branches, it is the largest Sunni movement in the Arab world, and an affiliate is often the largest opposition party in many Arab nations. The Muslim Brotherhood is not concerned with theological differences, accepting both, Muslims of any of the four Sunni schools of thought, and Shi'a Muslims.
Salafism and Sufism are two major scholarly movements which have been influential in Sunni Muslim societies. [1] The debates between Salafi and Sufi schools of thought have dominated the Sunni world since the classical era, splitting their influence across religious communities and cultures, with each school competing for scholarly authority via official and unofficial religious institutions.
Wahhabi movement of Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab was only one of the various Salafi movements and has different strands within itself Using the term "Wahhabism" suggests a monopolistic mentality that distinguishes between "true Islam" and a wrong version, eroding the ability to envision "religious pluralism".
The Saudi-Wahhabi power had reached its peak between 1792 and 1814, after Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's death in 1792. During this period, the Wahhabi clerics, Ibn 'Abd al-Wahhab's descendants, had become a tool of Saudi state expansionist policies and had heavily begun to incorporate the political doctrines of Hanbali theologian Ibn Taymiyya.
Following the embargo by Arab oil exporters during the Israeli-Arab October 1973 War and the vast increase in petroleum export revenue that followed, [1] [2] [3] the international propagation of Salafism and Wahhabism within Sunni Islam [4] favored by the conservative oil-exporting Kingdom of Saudi Arabia [1] [5] [6] and other Gulf monarchies achieved a "preeminent position of strength in the ...