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There are two main types of volume expanders: crystalloids and colloids. Crystalloids are aqueous solutions of mineral salts or other water-soluble molecules. Colloids contain larger insoluble molecules, such as gelatin; blood itself is a colloid. There is no evidence that colloids are better than crystalloids in those who have had trauma ...
Crystalloid may refer to: A substance that, when dissolved, forms a true solution and is able to pass through a semipermeable membrane. They get separated from colloids during dialysis. Crystalloid solution, a type of volume expander
These solutions are often referred to as buffered or balanced crystalloids. Some evidence suggests that patients who need large volume resuscitation may have a less renal injury with restrictive chloride strategies and use of balanced crystalloids. Crystalloid solutions are equally as effective and much less expensive than colloid.
Plasma-Lyte is a crystalloid solution for intravenous infusion, with varying electrolyte formulation depending on market. Generally the solution has a composition that mimics human physiological plasma electrolyte concentrations, osmolality and pH. [1] It is available as a generic medication. [2] [3]
Oncotic pressure values are approximately 290 mOsm per kg of water, which slightly differs from the osmotic pressure of the blood that has values approximating 300 mOsm /L. [citation needed] These colloidal solutions are typically used to remedy low colloid concentration, such as in hypoalbuminemia, but is also suspected to assist in injuries ...
A hydroxyethyl starch solution ready for intravenous infusion. An intravenous solution of hydroxyethyl starch is used to prevent shock following severe blood loss caused by trauma, surgery, or other problem. It however appears to have greater risk of a poor outcome compared to other intravenous solutions [2] and may increase the risk of death. [6]
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If low blood pressure is due to blood loss, then preparations increasing volume of blood circulation—plasma-substituting solutions such as colloid and crystalloid solutions (salt solutions) [1] —will raise the blood pressure without any direct vasopressor activity.