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The history of superconductivity began with Dutch physicist Heike Kamerlingh Onnes's discovery of superconductivity in mercury in 1911. Since then, many other superconducting materials have been discovered and the theory of superconductivity has been developed. These subjects remain active areas of study in the field of condensed matter physics.
Superconductivity was discovered on April 8, 1911, by Heike Kamerlingh Onnes, who was studying the resistance of solid mercury at cryogenic temperatures using the recently produced liquid helium as a refrigerant. [8] At the temperature of 4.2 K, he observed that the resistance abruptly disappeared. [9]
It commemorates the Theory of Superconductivity developed here by John Bardeen and his students, for which they won a Nobel Prize for Physics in 1972. Microscopic theory of superconductivity In physics , the Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer ( BCS ) theory (named after John Bardeen , Leon Cooper , and John Robert Schrieffer ) is the first ...
Some materials lose all electrical resistivity at sufficiently low temperatures, due to an effect known as superconductivity. An investigation of the low-temperature resistivity of metals was the motivation to Heike Kamerlingh Onnes's experiments that led in 1911 to discovery of superconductivity. For details see History of superconductivity.
After further development, Bardeen, Cooper and Schrieffer showed how this could produce superconductivity, publishing their theory in Physical Reviews in two papers during 1957. [ 4 ] [ 16 ] [ 17 ] This theory became known as the BCS theory , after the authors' initials, and is widely accepted as the explanation for conventional superconductivity .
1987 – Karl Alexander Müller and Georg Bednorz discover high-temperature superconductivity in ceramics. 1988 – Giant magnetoresistance is discovered by Albert Fert and Peter Grünberg. 1988 – The conductance quantum are first demonstrated in quantum point contacts. [92] 1991 – Carbon nanotube are discovered by Sumio Iijima
Marijam Did, author. A huge appeal of an online world is the escapism it promises. For Mats, it served as a reprieve from terminal illness. For fellow World of Warcraft fan Pete Etchells, a ...
Raman scattering discovered by Indian physicist C. V. Raman and Indian physicist Kariamanickam Srinivasa Krishnan, [17] providing basis for later Raman laser: 1928: Japanese engineer Kenjiro Takayanagi was the first to transmit human faces in half-tones on television, influencing the later work of Vladimir K. Zworykin [18] 1928