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AWS D1.9: Structural welding (titanium) AWS D3.6R: Underwater welding (Offshore & inland pipelines) AWS D8.1: Automotive spot welding AWS D8.6: Automotive spot welding electrodes supplement AWS D8.7: Automotive spot welding recommendations supplement AWS D8.8: Automotive arc welding (steel) AWS D8.9: Automotive spot weld testing AWS D8.14
AWS Characteristics Applications Bare Metal Arc Welding (113) BMAW Consumable electrode, no flux or shielding gas Historical Carbon Arc Welding (181) CAW Carbon electrode, historical Copper, repair (limited) Flux Cored Arc Welding: 136 138: FCAW FCAW-S Continuous consumable electrode filled with flux Industry, construction Gas Metal Arc Welding ...
For example, AWS B1.11 explains how to visually examine welds; AWS B2.1-1-004 explains welding carbon steel of thickness range of 18 through 10 gauge with semiautomatic metal gas arc welding; and AWS C2.20/C2.20M explains metalized zinc cathodic protection systems. Some codes also describe the standards used by AWS to certify welders ...
Consumable electrode processes such as shielded metal arc welding and gas metal arc welding generally use direct current, but the electrode can be charged either positively or negatively. In welding, the positively charged anode will have a greater heat concentration, and as a result, changing the polarity of the electrode affects weld properties.
The AWS defines welding PQR as a record of welding variables used to produce an acceptable test weldment and the results of tests conducted on the weldment to qualify a Welding Procedure Specification. For steel construction (civil engineering structures) AWS D1.1 is a widely used standard.
The current from the electrodes is then applied briefly after which the current is removed but the electrodes remain in place for the material to cool. Weld times range from 0.01 sec to 0.63 sec depending on the thickness of the metal, the electrode force and the diameter of the electrodes themselves. [citation needed]
O-5 (95% argon/5% oxygen) is the most common gas for general carbon steel welding. Higher oxygen content allows higher speed of welding. More than 5% oxygen makes the shielding gas oxidize the electrode, which can lead to porosity in the deposit if the electrode does not contain sufficient deoxidizers.
The electrode composition depends upon the material being welded. Alloying elements may be added in the electrodes. Electrodes are available to weld mild steels, high carbon steels, low and special alloy steels, stainless steel and some of the nonferrous of copper and nickel. Electrodes are generally copper coated to prevent rusting and to ...