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A system sequence diagram should be done for the main success scenario of the use case, and frequent or complex alternative scenarios. There are two kinds of sequence diagrams: Sequence Diagram (SD): A regular version of sequence diagram describes how the system operates, and every object within a system is described specifically.
The equality ((+)) = (()) can also be understood as an equivalence of different counting problems: the number of k-tuples of non-negative integers whose sum is n equals the number of (n + 1)-tuples of non-negative integers whose sum is k − 1, which follows by interchanging the roles of bars and stars in the diagrams representing configurations.
Combinatorics is an area of mathematics primarily concerned with counting, both as a means and as an end to obtaining results, and certain properties of finite structures.It is closely related to many other areas of mathematics and has many applications ranging from logic to statistical physics and from evolutionary biology to computer science.
Venn diagram showing the union of sets A and B as everything not in white. In combinatorics, the inclusion–exclusion principle is a counting technique which generalizes the familiar method of obtaining the number of elements in the union of two finite sets; symbolically expressed as
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Combinatorial designs date to antiquity, with the Lo Shu Square being an early magic square.One of the earliest datable application of combinatorial design is found in India in the book Brhat Samhita by Varahamihira, written around 587 AD, for the purpose of making perfumes using 4 substances selected from 16 different substances using a magic square.
Geometric combinatorics is a branch of mathematics in general and combinatorics in particular. It includes a number of subareas such as polyhedral combinatorics (the study of faces of convex polyhedra), convex geometry (the study of convex sets, in particular combinatorics of their intersections), and discrete geometry, which in turn has many applications to computational geometry.
The diagram on Fig. 1 will then transform in the sequence (a,b,c,d,e,f,g,h). Placing any rook on another file would involve moving the rook that hitherto occupied the second file to the file, vacated by the first rook. For instance, if rook a1 is moved to "b" file, rook b2 must be moved to "a" file, and now they will become rook b1 and rook a2.