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The Black Death ravaged much of the Islamic world. [55] Plague was present in at least one location in the Islamic world virtually every year between 1500 and 1850. [56] Plague repeatedly struck the cities of North Africa. Algiers lost 30,000–50,000 to it in 1620–1621, and again in 1654–1657, 1665, 1691, and 1740–1742. [57]
Plague of 746–747 (part of first plague pandemic) 746–747 Byzantine Empire, West Asia, Africa Bubonic plague: Unknown [45] Black Death (start of the second plague pandemic) 1346–1353 Eurasia and North Africa: Bubonic plague: 75–200 million (30–60% of European population and 33% percent of the Middle Eastern population) [49]
The Black Death was a bubonic plague pandemic that occurred in Europe from 1346 to 1353. It was one of the most fatal pandemics in human history; as many as 50 million people [ 2 ] perished, perhaps 50% of Europe's 14th century population. [ 3 ]
The Black Death: The Great Mortality of 1348–1350: A Brief History with Documents (2005) excerpt and text search, with primary sources; Benedictow, Ole J. The Black Death 1346–1353: The Complete History (2012) excerpt and text search; Borsch, Stuart J. The Black Death in Egypt and England: A Comparative Study (U of Texas Press, 2005) online
A natural reservoir of plague is located in western Yunnan and is an ongoing health risk today. The third pandemic of plague originated in this area after a rapid influx of Han Chinese to exploit the demand for minerals, primarily copper, in the latter half of the 19th century. [52] By 1850, the population had exploded to over 7,000,000 people.
The Black Death first originated in Kyrgyzstan, in central Asia, in the late 1330s, spreading rapidly to devastate the Middle East and Europe.
Ohio was a destination for escaped African Americans slaves before the Civil War. In the early 1870s, the Society of Friends members actively helped former black slaves in their search of freedom. The state was important in the operation of the Underground Railroad .
Theories of the Black Death are a variety of explanations that have been advanced to explain the nature and transmission of the Black Death (1347–51). A number of epidemiologists from the 1980s to the 2000s challenged the traditional view that the Black Death was caused by plague based on the type and spread of the disease.