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Trypanosoma of both the rhodesiense and gambiense types can affect other animals such as cattle and wild animals. [1] African trypanosomiasis has generally been considered an anthroponotic disease and thus its control program was mainly focused on stopping the transmission by treating human cases and eliminating the vector.
Trypanosoma brucei gambiense is the second type of protozoan which usually results in more chronic disease patterns. [15] Its main reservoir is the cattle populations. Although it is also fatal, death can take months or years to occur. [17] Geographical separation of these two variants of trypanosomes occurs along the Rift Valley.
The three major human diseases caused by trypanosomatids are; African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness, caused by Trypanosoma brucei and transmitted by tsetse flies [3]), South American trypanosomiasis (Chagas disease, caused by T. cruzi and transmitted by triatomine bugs), and leishmaniasis (a set of trypanosomal diseases caused by various species of Leishmania transmitted by sandflies [4]).
Trypanosoma is a genus of kinetoplastids (class Trypanosomatidae [1]), a monophyletic [2] group of unicellular parasitic flagellate protozoa. Trypanosoma is part of the phylum Euglenozoa . [ 3 ] The name is derived from the Ancient Greek trypano- (borer) and soma (body) because of their corkscrew-like motion.
A Trypanosomiasis vaccine is a vaccine against trypanosomiasis.No effective vaccine currently exists, but development of a vaccine is the subject of current research. The Gates Foundation has been involved in funding research conducted by the Sabin Vaccine Institute and others.
The disease is caused by trypanosomes of several species in the genus Trypanosoma such as T. brucei. T. vivax causes nagana mainly in West Africa, although it has spread to South America. [1] The trypanosomes infect the blood of the vertebrate host, causing fever, weakness, and lethargy, which lead to weight loss and anemia.
It was the discovery of Trypanosoma brucei, [20] the name created by Henry George Plimmer and John Rose Bradford in 1899 in honour of the discoverer. [21] The genus Trypanosoma was created by Hungarian physician David Gruby in his description of T. sanguinis , a species he discovered from the blood of frogs in 1843. [ 22 ]
Trypanosoma, a genus within Trypanosomatida whose members are often referred to as trypanosomes; Trypanosoma brucei, a major human pathogen that causes sleeping sickness; Trypanosoma cruzi, a major human pathogen that causes Chagas disease; A morphological class of trypanosomatid with a flagellum laterally attached to the cell body