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In the 1950s, the Beat Generation were politically radical and to some degree their anti-authoritarian attitudes were taken up by activists in the 1960s. [4] In the 1970s, anti-authoritarianism became associated with the punk subculture .
The authoritarian personality is a personality type characterized by a disposition to treat authority figures with unquestioning obedience and respect.Conceptually, the term authoritarian personality originated from the writings of Erich Fromm, and usually is applied to people who exhibit a strict and oppressive personality towards their subordinates. [1]
The Authoritarian Personality has often provoked polarized responses: "The Berkeley study of authoritarian personality does not leave many people indifferent". [24] The study "has been subjected to considerable criticism" [25] since the 1950s, particularly for various methodological flaws, including sample bias and poor psychometric techniques.
Altemeyer defined the right-wing authoritarian personality as someone who: is naturally submissive to authority figures that they consider to be legitimate, acts aggressively in the name of said authority figures, and/or; is very conventional (i.e. conformist) in thought and behavior. [5]
The right-wing authoritarian was defined by Bob Altemeyer as a refinement of the research of Theodor Adorno. Adorno was the first to propose the existence of an authoritarian personality as part of an attempt to explain the rise of fascism and the Holocaust, but his theory fell into disfavor because it was associated with Freudian ...
The California F-scale is a 1947 personality test, designed by German Theodor W. Adorno and others to measure the "authoritarian personality". [1] The "F" stands for "fascist". The F-scale measures responses on several different components of authoritarianism, such as conventionalism, authoritarian aggression, superstition and stereotypy, power ...
Authoritarian conservatism is a political ideology that seeks to uphold order, tradition and hierarchy, often with forcible suppression of radical and revolutionary enemies such as communists, Nazis, and anarchists. [1] Authoritarian conservative movements and regimes have included Chiangism in China, [2] Metaxism in Greece, [3] and Francoism ...
[1] [2] Authoritarian regimes may be either autocratic or oligarchic and may be based upon the rule of a party or the military. [3] [4] States that have a blurred boundary between democracy and authoritarianism have some times been characterized as "hybrid democracies", "hybrid regimes" or "competitive authoritarian" states. [5] [6] [7]