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Platelets are held within these internal membranes within the cytoplasm of megakaryocytes. There are two proposed mechanisms for platelet release. In one scenario, these proto-platelet processes break up explosively to become platelets. [7] It is possible to visualize the spontaneous release of platelets using holotomographic live-cell imaging ...
The megakaryoblast is a platelet precursor that undergoes endomitosis to form megakaryocytes that have 8 to 64 nuclei. Megakaryocytes shed platelets into the bloodstream. β1-tubulin microtubules, which are found in megakaryocytes, facilitate this process of shedding platelets into the bloodstream. [5]
Platelets extruded from megakaryocytes. The average life span of circulating platelets is 8 to 9 days. [17] Life span of individual platelets is controlled by the internal apoptotic regulating pathway, which has a Bcl-x L timer. [18] Old platelets are destroyed by phagocytosis in the spleen and liver.
Thrombopoietin is a glycoprotein hormone produced by the liver and kidney which regulates the production of platelets. It stimulates the production and differentiation of megakaryocytes, the bone marrow cells that bud off large numbers of platelets. [5] Megakaryocytopoiesis is the cellular development process that leads to platelet production.
The promegakaryocytes continue the process of endomitosis, which results in the formation of granular megakaryocytes as the nucleus forms lobes with increased volumes. The megakaryocytes release the platelets into the blood stream. [8] The process of platelet production, beginning with the formation of megakaryoblasts, takes about 7 days.
Platelets derived from the abnormal megakaryocytes are activated, which, along with the elevated platelet count, contributes to the likelihood of forming blood clots. [8] The increased possibility of bleeding when the platelet count is over 1 million is due to von Willebrand factor (vWF) sequestration by the increased mass of platelets, leaving ...
Platelets, or thrombocytes, are very small, irregularly shaped clear cell fragments, 2–3 μm in diameter, which derive from fragmentation of megakaryocytes. The average lifespan of a platelet is normally just 5 to 9 days. Platelets are a natural source of growth factors.
Acute megakaryoblastic leukemia (AMKL) is life-threatening leukemia in which malignant megakaryoblasts proliferate abnormally and injure various tissues. Megakaryoblasts are the most immature precursor cells in a platelet-forming lineage; they mature to promegakaryocytes and, ultimately, megakaryocytes which cells shed membrane-enclosed particles, i.e. platelets, into the circulation.