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  2. Gratis versus libre - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gratis_versus_libre

    In order to reflect real-world differences in the degree of open access, the distinction between gratis open access and libre open access was added in 2006 by Peter Suber and Stevan Harnad, two of the co-drafters of the original Budapest Open Access Initiative definition of open access publishing. [4]

  3. Open access in France - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Access_in_France

    Hyper Articles en Ligne (HAL) began in 2001. The French National Center for Scientific Research participated in 2003 in the creation of the influential Berlin Declaration on Open Access to Knowledge in the Sciences and Humanities. [1] Publishers EDP Sciences and OpenEdition belong to the international Open Access Scholarly Publishers ...

  4. Open Edition - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Open_Edition

    OpenEdition.org, an open access academic publishing portal of the Centre pour l'Édition Électronique Ouverte, France; OpenEdition MVS, an operating system component of UNIX System Services; Open edition (printmaking), a printed edition of a publication limited only by the number that can be sold or produced before the plate wears out

  5. Public-domain software - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public-domain_software

    Permissive-licensed software, which is a kind of free and open-source software, shares most characteristics of earlier public-domain software but stands on the legal basis of copyright law. In the 1980s Richard Stallman , who for long worked in an academic environment of "public-domain"-like software sharing, noticed the emergence of ...

  6. ISEFAC Bachelor offers two courses, one in communication and the other in business marketing. They combine a degree with a professional option to choose from nine specialisations: event marketing, press relations / advertising and public, E-communication and communication for E-business, international business of sport, luxury businesses, environmental careers, bank business / marketing.

  7. HAL (open archive) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HAL_(open_archive)

    HAL (short for Hyper Articles en Ligne) [2] is an open archive where authors can deposit scholarly documents from all academic fields.. Documents in HAL are uploaded either by one of the authors with the consent of the others or by an authorized person on their behalf. [3]

  8. Amsterdam Call for Action on Open Science - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amsterdam_Call_for_Action...

    Sander Dekker speaking at the 2016 Open Science conference. The Amsterdam Call for Action on Open Science is a document that advocates for "full open access for all scientific publications", and endorses an environment where "data sharing and stewardship is the default approach for all publicly funded research". [1]

  9. Timeline of the open-access movement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_open...

    Redalyc (Red de Revistas Científicas de América Latina y El Caribe, España y Portugal) established in Mexico. 2004 UK Digital Curation Centre founded. [1] Bielefeld Academic Search Engine launched by Bielefeld University, Germany. Publisher Springer begins "hybrid option 'Open Choice' for their full portfolio of over 1,000 subscription ...