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Close-up of fish melanophores. Fish coloration is produced through specialized cells called chromatophores. The dermal chromatophore is a basic color unit in amphibians, reptiles, and fish which has three cell layers: "the xanthophore (contains carotenoid and pteridine pigments), the iridophore (reflects color structurally), and the melanophore (contains melanin)". [5]
The actual color of salmon flesh varies from almost white to light orange, depending on their levels of the carotenoid astaxanthin, which in turn is the result of the richness of the fish's diet of krill and shrimp; salmon raised on fish farms are given non-synthetic or artificial coloring in their food. [2] [3]
A related type of chromatophore, the leucophore, is found in some fish, in particular in the tapetum lucidum. Like iridophores, they utilize crystalline purines (often guanine) to reflect light. Unlike iridophores, leucophores have more organized crystals that reduce diffraction. Given a source of white light, they produce a white shine.
Most fish species have color vision. There are some species that are capable of seeing ultraviolet while some are sensitive to polarized light. [9] The fish retina has rod cells that provide high visual sensitivity in low light conditions and cone cells that provide higher temporal and spatial resolution than the rod cells are capable of.
An example of this phenomenon is when clean air scatters blue light more than red light, and so the midday sky appears blue (apart from the area around the Sun which appears white because the light is not scattered as much). The optical window is also referred to as the "visible window" because it overlaps the human visible response spectrum.
light white fluorescent F7 0.31292: 0.32933 0.31569: 0.32960 6500 D65 simulator, daylight simulator F8 0.34588: 0.35875 0.34902: 0.35939 5000 D50 simulator, Sylvania F40 Design 50 F9 0.37417: 0.37281 0.37829: 0.37045 4150 cool white deluxe fluorescent F10 0.34609: 0.35986 0.35090: 0.35444 5000 Philips TL85, Ultralume 50 F11 0.38052: 0.37713 0. ...
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Lanternfish are generally small fish, ranging from about 2 to 30 cm (0.79 to 11.81 in) in length, with most being under 15 cm (5.9 in). Shallow-living species are an iridescent blue to green or silver, while deeper-living species are dark brown to black.