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They are usually the first line of medications prescribed by a general practitioner, or a pharmacist for allergies in a community pharmacy. H1-antihistamines are further split into three groups known as the first-generation, second-generation and third-generation antihistamines.
Dexbrompheniramine is an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties [1] used to treat allergic conditions such as hay fever or urticaria. It is the pharmacologically active dextrorotatory isomer of brompheniramine. It was formerly marketed in combination with pseudoephedrine under the name Drixoral in the US and Canada. It is an alkylamine ...
The most common antihistamines utilized for this purpose include hydroxyzine, promethazine (enzyme induction especially helps with codeine and similar prodrug opioids), phenyltoloxamine, orphenadrine, and tripelennamine; some may also have intrinsic analgesic properties of their own, orphenadrine being an example. Second-generation ...
Chlorcyclizine (Di-Paralene, Mantadil, Pruresidine, Trihistan) is a first-generation antihistamine of the diphenylmethylpiperazine group marketed in the United States and certain other countries. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] It is used primarily to treat allergy symptoms such as rhinitis , urticaria , and pruritus , and may also be used as an antiemetic .
Clemastine, also known as meclastin, is a first-generation H1 histamine antagonist (antihistamine) with anticholinergic properties (drying) and sedative side effects. [1] Like all first-generation antihistamines, it is sedating. [2] [3] Patented in 1960, it came into medical use in 1967. [4]
Mepyramine, also known as pyrilamine, is a first-generation antihistamine, targeting the H 1 receptor as an inverse agonist. [1] Mepyramine rapidly permeates the brain, often causing drowsiness. [2] It is often sold as a maleate salt, pyrilamine maleate.
Diphenhydramine is a first-generation antihistamine used to treat several conditions including allergic symptoms and itchiness, the common cold, insomnia, motion sickness, and extrapyramidal symptoms. [19] [20] Diphenhydramine also has local anesthetic properties, and has been used as such in people allergic to common local anesthetics such as ...
Doxylamine and other first-generation antihistamines are the most widely used sleep medications in the world. [6] Typical side effects of doxylamine (at recommended doses) include dizziness, drowsiness, grogginess, and dry mouth, among others. [7] [4] As an antihistamine, doxylamine is an inverse agonist of the histamine H 1 receptor.