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The introduction of the transistor is often considered one of the most important inventions in history. [1] [2] Transistors are broadly classified into two categories: bipolar junction transistor (BJT) and field-effect transistor (FET). [3] The principle of a field-effect transistor was proposed by Julius Edgar Lilienfeld in 1925. [4]
The success of transistor radios led to transistors replacing vacuum tubes as the dominant electronic technology in the late 1950s. [28] The transistor radio went on to become the most popular electronic communication device of the 1960s and 1970s. Billions of transistor radios are estimated to have been sold worldwide between the 1950s and ...
11 February 1876: Elisha Gray invents a liquid transmitter for use with a telephone, but he did not make one. 14 February 1876 about 9:30 am: Gray or his lawyer brings Gray's patent caveat for the telephone to the Washington, D.C. Patent Office (a caveat was a notice of intention to file a patent application.
The development of transistor technology and the semiconductor industry enabled significant advances in telecommunication technology, led to the price of telecommunications services declining significantly, and led to a transition away from state-owned narrowband circuit-switched networks to private broadband packet-switched networks.
Transistors are often organized into logic gates in microprocessors to perform computation. [92] The transistor's low cost, flexibility and reliability have made it ubiquitous. Transistorized mechatronic circuits have replaced electromechanical devices in controlling appliances and machinery.
The TR-1 is a superheterodyne receiver [2] [11] with four n-p-n germanium transistors and one diode. It contains a single transistor converter stage, followed by two intermediate-frequency amplifier stages. After detection, a single-transistor stage amplifies the audio frequency. All amplifier stages use common emitter amplifiers. Stages are ...
Telephones were popularized in the early 1900s and remained the preeminent mode of communication in the U.S. until 2004, when cellphone users eclipsed landline subscribers.
Advanced Mobile Phone System (AMPS) was an analog mobile phone system standard originally developed by Bell Labs and later modified in a cooperative effort between Bell Labs and Motorola. It was officially introduced in the Americas on October 13, 1983, [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] and was deployed in many other countries too, including Israel in 1986 ...