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A marine safety technician responds to a reported oil sheen in the Sturgeon Bay Ship Canal in Wisconsin. In the United States, several federal agencies and laws have some jurisdiction over pollution from ships in U.S. waters. States and local government agencies also have responsibilities for ship-related pollution in some situations.
Marine Protection, Research and Sanctuaries Act of 1972 (MPRSA), Ocean Dumping Act is one of several key environmental laws passed by the US Congress in 1972. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] The Act has two essential aims: to regulate intentional ocean disposal of materials, and to authorize any related research. [ 3 ]
Marine pollution was a concern during several United Nations Conventions on the Law of the Sea beginning in the 1950s. Most scientists believed that the oceans were so vast that they had unlimited ability to dilute, and thus render pollution harmless.
Law on Water and Soil Conservation; Marine Environmental Protection Law of the People's Republic of China (1983) Marine Pollution Control Act; Public Nuisance Dispute Mediation Act; Soil and Groundwater Pollution Remediation Act; Water Law 1988; Water Law 2002 (the modified edition) Water Pollution Control Act (China) Wildlife Protection Law
Signed into law by President Jimmy E. Carter on October 21, 1980 The Act to Prevent Pollution from Ships (APPS, 33 U.S.C. §§1905-1915) is a United States law that implements the provisions of MARPOL 73/78 and the annexes of MARPOL to which the United States is a party.
Convention on the Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping Wastes and Other Matter; Convention on the Prohibition of Military or Any Other Hostile Use of Environmental Modification Techniques; Convention on the Protection and Use of Transboundary Watercourses and International Lakes (ECE Water Convention), Helsinki, 1992
The United States Congress has enacted federal statutes intended to address pollution control and remediation, including for example the Clean Air Act (air pollution), the Clean Water Act (water pollution), and the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act (CERCLA, or Superfund) (contaminated site cleanup).
(Normally, a sea baseline follows the low-water line, but when the coastline is deeply indented, has fringing islands or is highly unstable, straight baselines may be used.) The areas are as follows: Internal waters: Covers all water and waterways on the landward side of the baseline. The coastal state is free to set laws, regulate use, and use ...