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[1] [2] [3] Introduced by Gilbert N. Lewis in his 1916 article The Atom and the Molecule, a Lewis structure can be drawn for any covalently bonded molecule, as well as coordination compounds. [ 4 ] Lewis structures extend the concept of the electron dot diagram by adding lines between atoms to represent shared pairs in a chemical bond.
Sodium is a chemical element; it has symbol Na (from Neo-Latin natrium) and atomic number 11. It is a soft, silvery-white, highly reactive metal . Sodium is an alkali metal , being in group 1 of the periodic table.
There are 20 isotopes of sodium (11 Na), ranging from 17 Na to 39 Na (except for the still-unknown 36 Na and 38 Na), [4] and five isomers (two for 22 Na, and one each for 24 Na, 26 Na, and 32 Na). 23 Na is the only stable (and the only primordial) isotope. It is considered a monoisotopic element and it has a standard atomic weight of 22.989 769 ...
A charge number also can help when drawing Lewis dot structures. For example, if the structure is an ion, the charge will be included outside of the Lewis dot structure. Since there is a negative charge on the outside of the Lewis dot structure, one electron needs to be added to the structure.
The Avogadro constant, commonly denoted N A [1] or L, [2] is an SI defining constant with an exact value of 6.022 140 76 × 10 23 mol −1 (reciprocal moles). [3] [4] It is this defined number of constituent particles (usually molecules, atoms, ions, or ion pairs—in general, entities) per mole and used as a normalization factor in relating the amount of substance, n(X), in a sample of a ...
Mineral symbols (text abbreviations) are used to abbreviate mineral groups, subgroups, and species, just as lettered symbols are used for the chemical elements. The first set of commonly used mineral symbols was published in 1983 and covered the common rock-forming minerals using 192 two- or three-lettered symbols. [ 1 ]
The most common Lewis bases are anions. The strength of Lewis basicity correlates with the pK a of the parent acid: acids with high pK a 's give good Lewis bases. As usual, a weaker acid has a stronger conjugate base. Examples of Lewis bases based on the general definition of electron pair donor include: simple anions, such as H − and F −
Sodium peroxide is an inorganic compound with the formula Na 2 O 2.This yellowish solid is the product of sodium ignited in excess oxygen. [3] It is a strong base. This metal peroxide exists in several hydrates and peroxyhydrates including Na 2 O 2 ·2H 2 O 2 ·4H 2 O, Na 2 O 2 ·2H 2 O, Na 2 O 2 ·2H 2 O 2, and Na 2 O 2 ·8H 2 O. [4] The octahydrate, which is simple to prepare, is white, in ...