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For groundwater "potentiometric surface" is a synonym of "piezometric surface" which is an imaginary surface that defines the level to which water in a confined aquifer would rise were it completely pierced with wells. [1] If the potentiometric surface lies above the ground surface, a flowing artesian well results.
[13]: 418 Rainfall and snowmelt enter the groundwater where the aquifer is near the surface. Groundwater flow directions can be determined from potentiometric surface maps of water levels in wells and springs. Aquifer tests and well tests can be used with Darcy's law flow equations to determine the ability of a porous aquifer to convey water.
Map of groundwater basins, surface drainage, major caves, flow routes, the potentiometric surface, and an index to the topographic maps in the Mammoth Cave Region south of the Green River, 2nd edition. Friends of the Karst, Mammoth Cave, KY.
The water table is the surface where the water pressure head is equal to the atmospheric pressure (where gauge pressure = 0). It may be visualized as the "surface" of the subsurface materials that are saturated with groundwater in a given vicinity. [2] The groundwater may be from precipitation or from groundwater flowing into the aquifer. In ...
Increased groundwater withdrawal, beginning in the late 1930s, lowered the potentiometric surface of the aquifers. Kissengen Spring gradually ceased flowing. The spring was publicly declared inactive in 1950 as the result of overpumpage. [citation needed] Until 1950, tourists used the area for picnicking, boating, and swimming.
Cross section showing the water table varying with surface topography as well as a perched water table The vadose zone , also termed the unsaturated zone , is the part of Earth between the land surface and the top of the phreatic zone , the position at which the groundwater (the water in the soil's pores) is at atmospheric pressure ("vadose" is ...
A 3D surface map of Mt. St. Helens with a 2D contour map above for comparison. In mathematics, geology, and cartography, a surface map is a 2D perspective representation of a 3-dimensional surface. [1] Surface maps usually represent real-world entities such as landforms or the surfaces of objects.
Gott, Goldberg and Vanderbei’s double-sided disk map was designed to minimize all six types of map distortions. Not properly "a" map projection because it is on two surfaces instead of one, it consists of two hemispheric equidistant azimuthal projections back-to-back. [5] [6] [7] 1879 Peirce quincuncial: Other Conformal Charles Sanders Peirce