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A semiconductor device is an electronic component that relies on the electronic properties of a semiconductor material ... which became known as surface physics, to ...
The semiconductor materials used in electronic devices are doped under precise conditions to control the concentration and regions of p- and n-type dopants. A single semiconductor device crystal can have many p- and n-type regions; the p–n junctions between these regions are responsible for the useful electronic behavior.
The term solid-state became popular at the beginning of the semiconductor era in the 1960s to distinguish this new technology. A semiconductor device works by controlling an electric current consisting of electrons or holes moving within a solid crystalline piece of semiconducting material such as silicon, while the thermionic vacuum tubes it replaced worked by controlling a current of ...
These devices are specially designed for low-voltage stabilization applications requiring a guaranteed voltage over a wide current range and highly stable over temperature. Transient voltage suppression diode (TVS) These are avalanche diodes designed specifically to protect other semiconductor devices from high-voltage transients. [45]
The wavelength of the light produced depends on the energy band gap of the semiconductors used. Since these materials have a high index of refraction, [note 1] design features of the devices such as special optical coatings and die shape are required to efficiently emit light. A LED is a long-lived light source, but certain mechanisms can cause ...
A semiconductor diode (devices that allow current in only one direction) consists of p-type and n-type semiconductors placed in junction with one another. Currently, most semiconductor diodes use doped silicon or germanium. Transistors (devices that enable current switching) also make use of extrinsic semiconductors.
Semiconductor device modeling creates models for the behavior of semiconductor devices based on fundamental physics, such as the doping profiles of the devices. It may also include the creation of compact models (such as the well known SPICE transistor models), which try to capture the electrical behavior of such devices but do not generally ...
There are several mechanisms by which minority carriers can recombine, each of which subtract from the carrier lifetime. The main mechanisms that play a role in modern devices are band-to-band recombination and stimulated emission, which are forms of radiative recombination, and Shockley-Read-Hall (SRH), Auger, Langevin, and surface recombination, which are forms of non-radiative recombination.