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The phase velocity varies with frequency. The phase velocity is the rate at which the phase of the wave propagates in space. The group velocity is the rate at which the wave envelope, i.e. the changes in amplitude, propagates. The wave envelope is the profile of the wave amplitudes; all transverse displacements are bound by the envelope profile.
Propagation of a wave packet demonstrating a phase velocity greater than the group velocity. This shows a wave with the group velocity and phase velocity going in different directions. The group velocity is positive, while the phase velocity is negative. [1] The phase velocity of a wave is the rate at which the wave propagates in any medium.
In-phase signals Out-of-phase signals Representation of phase comparison. [3] Left: the real part of a plane wave moving from top to bottom. Right: the same wave after a central section underwent a phase shift, for example, by passing through a glass of different thickness than the other parts.
The 2008 German film Die Welle transferred the experiment to a modern-day German classroom. The film received critical acclaim. "The Pride of Lakewood", a 2010 episode of children's animated series Arthur, was loosely based on the Third Wave experiment. In it, students who form a community pride group become fascistic.
The Atmospheric Waves Experiment (AWE) is a NASA instrument to be mounted on the exterior of the International Space Station (ISS) for the study of atmospheric gravity waves (not to be confused with astrophysical gravitational waves).
Phase velocity is the rate at which the phase of the wave propagates in space: any given phase of the wave (for example, the crest) will appear to travel at the phase velocity. The phase velocity is given in terms of the wavelength λ (lambda) and period T as v p = λ T . {\displaystyle v_{\mathrm {p} }={\frac {\lambda }{T}}.}
A wave function for a single electron on 5d atomic orbital of a hydrogen atom. The solid body shows the places where the electron's probability density is above a certain value (here 0.02 nm −3): this is calculated from the probability amplitude. The hue on the colored surface shows the complex phase of the wave function.
As in time reversal, the wave re-emitted by a phase conjugation mirror will auto-compensate the phase distortion and auto-focus itself on its initial source, which can be a moving object. [1] Propagation of a time reversal replica demonstrates a remarkable property of phase-conjugated wave fields. [2]