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The Romance languages, also known as the Latin [1] or Neo-Latin [2] languages, are the languages that are directly descended from Vulgar Latin. [3] They are the only extant subgroup of the Italic branch of the Indo-European language family. The five most widely spoken Romance languages by number of native speakers are:
Romance languages have a number of shared features across all languages: Romance languages are moderately inflecting, i.e. there is a moderately complex system of affixes (primarily suffixes) that are attached to word roots to convey grammatical information such as number, gender, person, tense, etc. Verbs have much more inflection than nouns.
For example, Catalan, up to the thirteenth century, used the Romance writing modes common in the Occitan area. This created a contrast with the languages near the periphery (which include Spanish, Portuguese, Italian and Romanian) which are deemed as "conservative". [5]
Although romance novels are translated into over 90 languages, [52] most authors of women's fiction are from Great Britain or North America. [164] In France, where over 12 million romance novels are sold each year, all are translations, [ 52 ] as are almost all Harlequin novels in Italy.
Today the four most widely spoken standardized Western Romance languages are Spanish (c. 486 million native speakers, around 125 million second-language speakers), Portuguese (c. 220 million native, another 45 million or so second-language speakers, mainly in Lusophone Africa), French (c. 80 million native speakers, another 70 million or so ...
Writing systems are used to record human language, and may be classified according to certain common features.. The usual name of the script is given first; the name of the languages in which the script is written follows (in brackets), particularly in the case where the language name differs from the script name.
Walter Scott describes romance as a "kindred term", [3] and many European languages do not distinguish between romance and novel: "a novel is le roman, der Roman, il romanzo". [4] There is a second type of romance, genre fiction love romances, where the primary focus is on love and marriage. [5]
It aims to be immediately comprehensible by Romance language speakers and to some extent English speakers. Intal: 1956 Erich Weferling: An effort to unite the most common systems of constructed languages. Lingua sistemfrater: 1957 Pham Xuan Thai: Greco-Latin vocabulary with southeast Asian grammar. Neo: neu 1961 Arturo Alfandari: A very terse ...