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For groundwater "potentiometric surface" is a synonym of "piezometric surface" which is an imaginary surface that defines the level to which water in a confined aquifer would rise were it completely pierced with wells. [1] If the potentiometric surface lies above the ground surface, a flowing artesian well results.
In fact, since the potentiometric measurement is a non-destructive measurement, assuming that the electrode is in equilibrium with the solution, we are measuring the solution's potential. Potentiometry usually uses indicator electrodes made selectively sensitive to the ion of interest, such as fluoride in fluoride selective electrodes , so that ...
The previously known electromagnetic surface waves, surface plasmons and surface plasmon polaritons, exist under the condition that the permittivity of one of the materials forming the interface is negative, while the other one is positive (for example, this is the case for the air/metal interface below the plasma frequency). In contrast, the ...
Voltage-sensitive dyes, also known as potentiometric dyes, are dyes which change their spectral properties in response to voltage changes. [1] They are able to provide linear measurements of firing activity of single neurons , large neuronal populations or activity of myocytes .
Surface waves span a wide frequency range, and the period of waves that are most damaging is usually 10 seconds or longer. Surface waves can travel around the globe many times from the largest earthquakes. Surface waves are caused when P waves and S waves come to the surface. Examples are the waves at the surface of water and air (ocean surface ...
This means that although the difference between the liquid–solid and solid–air surface tension, γ ls − γ sa, is difficult to measure directly, it can be inferred from the liquid–air surface tension, γ la, and the equilibrium contact angle, θ, which is a function of the easily measurable advancing and receding contact angles (see ...
Potentiometric solid state gas sensors have been generally classified into three broad groups. Type I sensors have an electrolyte containing mobile ions of the chemical species in the gas phase that it is monitoring. The commercial product, YSZ oxygen sensor, [1] is an example of type I.
Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) is a phenomenon that occurs where electrons in a thin metal sheet become excited by light that is directed to the sheet with a particular angle of incidence, and then travel parallel to the sheet. Assuming a constant light source wavelength and that the metal sheet is thin, the ...