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The Principality of Transylvania, from 1765 the Grand Principality of Transylvania, was a realm of the Hungarian Crown [1] [2] ruled by the Habsburg and Habsburg-Lorraine monarchs of the Habsburg monarchy (later Austrian Empire) and governed by mostly Hungarians.
The Principality of Transylvania was established in 1570 when John II renounced his claim as King of Hungary in the Treaty of Speyer (ratified in 1571), [12] [22] and became a Transylvanian prince. [23] The treaty also recognized that the Principality of Transylvania belonged to the Kingdom of Hungary in the sense of public law. [24]
From 1790 to 1848 and again from 1861 to 1867, Klausenburg was the capital of the Grand Principality of Transylvania (Siebenbürgen) within the Austrian Empire; the city was also the seat of the Transylvanian diets. Beginning in 1830, the city became the centre of the Hungarian national movement within the principality.
The flag and coat of arms of Transylvania were granted by Queen Maria Theresa in 1765, when she established a Grand Principality within the Habsburg monarchy. In 1596, Levinus Hulsius created a coat of arms for Transylvania, consisting of a shield with a rising eagle in the upper field and seven hills with towers on top in the lower field.
Transylvania is a historical region in central and northwestern Romania.It was under the rule of the Agathyrsi, part of the Dacian Kingdom (168 BC–106 AD), Roman Dacia (106–271), the Goths, the Hunnic Empire (4th–5th centuries), the Kingdom of the Gepids (5th–6th centuries), the Avar Khaganate (6th–9th centuries), the Slavs, and the 9th century First Bulgarian Empire.
Maria Theresa declared Transylvania to be a grand principality on 2 November 1765. [221] The partial integration of Székely Land in the Military Frontier divided the society into a military and a civil part. [220] In the Military Frontier, most commoners and primipili joined the regiments. [222]
From 1790 to 1848 and 1861–1867, it was the official capital of the Grand Principality of Transylvania. In modern times, the city holds the status of municipiu, is the seat of Cluj County in the north-western part of Romania, and continues to be considered the unofficial capital of the historical province of Transylvania. Cluj continues to be ...
For some decades prior to the Austro-Hungarian Compromise of 1867, it was the official capital of the Grand Principality of Transylvania. As of 2021, 286,598 inhabitants live in the city. [5] The Cluj-Napoca metropolitan area had a population of 411,379 people, [4] [6] while the population of the peri-urban area is approximately 420,000.