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For example, the conversion factor between a mass fraction of 1 ppb and a mole fraction of 1 ppb is about 4.7 for the greenhouse gas CFC-11 in air (Molar mass of CFC-11 / Mean molar mass of air = 137.368 / 28.97 = 4.74). For volume fraction, the suffix "V" or "v" is sometimes appended to the parts-per notation (e.g. ppmV, ppbv, pptv).
Here are the conversion factors for those various expressions of wind speed: 1 m/s = 2.237 statute mile/h = 1.944 knots 1 knot = 1.151 statute mile/h = 0.514 m/s 1 statute mile/h = 0.869 knots = 0.447 m/s. Note: 1 statute mile = 5,280 feet = 1,609 meters
The conversion equations depend on the temperature at which the conversion is wanted (usually about 20 to 25 °C). At an ambient sea level atmospheric pressure of 1 atm (101.325 kPa or 1.01325 bar), the general equation is:
Air pollutants vary in potency, and the function used to convert from air pollutant concentration to AQI varies by pollutant. Its air quality index values are typically grouped into ranges. Each range is assigned a descriptor, a color code, and a standardized public health advisory. The AQI can increase due to an increase of air emissions.
Criteria can be set in different units (e.g. μg/m 3, parts per billion by volume (ppbv), parts per billion by mass (ppb (mass)), parts per million (ppm)) and it is possible to convert between all of these units if the molecular mass of the pollutant and the temperature are known. Different standard temperatures are used throughout the world ...
The concentrations of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere are expressed as parts per million by volume (abbreviated as ppmv, or ppm(v), or just ppm). To convert from the usual ppmv units to ppm mass (abbreviated as ppmm, or ppm(m)), multiply by the ratio of the molar mass of CO 2 to that of air, i.e. times 1.52 (44.01 divided by 28.96).
The atmospheric methane concentration has continued to increase since 2011 to an average global concentration of 1911.8 ± 0.6 ppb as of 2022. [16] The May 2021 peak was 1891.6 ppb, while the April 2022 peak was 1909.4 ppb, a 0.9% increase. [55] Annual atmospheric methane concentrations from 1990 to 2021.
Visualisation of 1%, 1‰, 1‱, 1 pcm and 1 ppm as fractions of the large block . Percentage point difference of 1 part in 100; Percentage (%) 1 part in 100; Basis point (bp) difference of 1 part in 10,000; Permyriad (‱) 1 part in 10,000; Per cent mille (pcm) 1 part in 100,000