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A simple general-purpose desktop power supply used in electronic labs, with power output connector seen at lower-left and power input connector (not shown) located at the rear Interior of high-end linear power supply with toroidal mains transformer. A power supply is an electrical device that supplies electric power to an electrical load.
When the supply voltage is less than about 2 V above the desired output voltage, as is the case in low-voltage microprocessor power supplies, so-called low dropout regulators (LDOs) must be used. When the output regulated voltage must be higher than the available input voltage, no linear regulator will work (not even a low dropout regulator).
A regulated power supply is an embedded circuit; it converts unregulated AC (alternating current) into a constant DC. With the help of a rectifier it converts AC supply into DC. Its function is to supply a stable voltage (or less often current), to a circuit or device that must be operated within certain power supply limits.
To reduce the power losses in the 5 V supply, with the introduction of the Pentium 4 microprocessor, Intel changed the processor power supply to operate on +12 V, and added the separate four-pin P4 connector to the new ATX12V 1.0 standard to supply that power.
78xx (sometimes L78xx, LM78xx, MC78xx...) is a family of self-contained fixed linear voltage regulator integrated circuits. The 78xx family is commonly used in electronic circuits requiring a regulated power supply due to their ease-of-use and low cost.
In a typical power supply/charger supplied with a laptop computer, average I CA is set at around 1.5 mA, including a 0.5 mA LED current and a 1 mA shunt current (2012 data). [ 7 ] Design of a robust, efficient and stable SMPS with TL431 is a common but complex task. [ 34 ]