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Costochondritis, also known as chest wall pain syndrome or costosternal syndrome, is a benign inflammation of the upper costochondral (rib to cartilage) and sternocostal (cartilage to sternum) joints. 90% of patients are affected in multiple ribs on a single side, typically at the 2nd to 5th ribs. [1]
Costochondritis is a common cause of chest pain, consisting of up to 30% of chest pain complaints in emergency departments. The pain is typically diffused with the upper costochondral or sternocostal junctions most frequently involved, unlike slipping rib syndrome, which involves the lower rib cage.
It takes several forms, osteochondritis, costochondritis, and relapsing polychondritis among them. Costochondritis is notable for feeling like a heart attack. Costochondritis is notable for feeling like a heart attack.
Treatment is usually via reassurance, as the pain generally resolves without any specific treatment. Occasionally it goes away after a couple of breaths. [1] The pain is agitated by expansion and contraction of the chest. Taking a deep breath and allowing the rib cage to fully expand can relieve the pain, however it will feel unpleasant initially.
Costochondritis is most commonly confused with Tietze syndrome, as they have similar symptoms and can both affect the costochondral and sternocostal joints. Costochondritis is considered a more common condition and is not associated with any swelling to the affected joints, which is the defining distinction between the two.
The sternocostal joints, also known as sternochondral joints or costosternal articulations, are synovial plane joints of the costal cartilages of the true ribs with the sternum. [1]
Key symptoms include sharp chest pain, difficulty breathing, low blood pressure in severe cases, and diminished breath sounds accompanied by dullness to percussion over the affected area. [ 20 ] Pneumothorax : Those who are at a higher risk of developing pneumothorax are tall, slim male smokers who have had underlying lung diseases such as ...
The CVA is an anatomic concept of the relationship of the 12th rib to the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. [1] There is one CVA on each side of the spine. [2] The lateral part of the CVA is formed by the lower border of the 12th rib, and the medial part of the CVA is formed by the transverse processes of the lumbar vertebrae. [1]