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According to Chomsky, a speaker's grammaticality judgement is based on two factors: . A native speaker's linguistic competence, which is the knowledge that they have of their language, allows them to easily judge whether a sentence is grammatical or ungrammatical based on intuitive introspection.
The criteria combine to identify the boys as the subject in sentence 1. But if that is the case, then one might argue that the boys is also the subject in the similar sentence 2, even though two of the criteria (agreement and position occupied) suggest that a chaotic force around here is the subject. When confronted with such data, one has to ...
A number of criteria can be employed for identifying objects, e.g.: [8] 1. Subject of passive sentence: Most objects in active sentences can become the subject in the corresponding passive sentences. [9] 2. Position occupied: In languages with strict word order, the subject and the object tend to occupy set positions in unmarked declarative ...
What does and does not qualify as a small clause varies in the literature: the example sentences in (8) contain (what some theories of syntax judge to be) small clauses. [9] In each example, the posited small clause is in boldface, and the underlined expression functions as a predicate over the nominal immediately to its left, which is the subject.
Additionally, there are also informal criteria one can use in order to determine syntactic categories. For example, one informal means of determining if an item is lexical, as opposed to functional, is to see if it is left behind in "telegraphic speech" (that is, the way a telegram would be written; e.g., Pants fire. Bring water, need help.) [4]
Being a constraint on x-bar theory, the criterion aims to parse out ill-formed sentences. Thus, if the number or categories of arguments in a sentence does not meet the theta-role assigner's requirement in any given sentence, that sentence will be deemed ungrammatical.
An exclamative is a sentence type in English that typically expresses a feeling or emotion, but does not use one of the other structures. It often has the form as in the examples below of [WH + Complement + Subject + Verb], but can be minor sentences (i.e. without a verb) such as [WH + Complement] How wonderful!.
Ngarrka-ngku man- ERG ka AUX wawirri kangaroo. ABS panti-rni spear- NPAST Ngarrka-ngku ka wawirri panti-rni man-ERG AUX kangaroo.ABS spear-NPAST 'the man is spearing the kangaroo' would be as follows: Constituent structure tree diagram for Warlpiri sentence "the man is spearing the kangaroo" Where S is a non-projected exocentric structure which dominates both heads and phrases with equal ...