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Steel casing pipe is often specified as ASTM A-252 which is a structural grade material that does not require hydrostatic testing and the inspection requirements are not stringent and it usually costs less than other grades such as A-53, [2] A-139 or API 5L. Used natural gas line pipe is also used as casing on many projects because it is often ...
A production packer [1] is a standard component of the completion hardware of oil or gas wells used to provide a seal between the outside of the production tubing and the inside of the casing, liner, or wellbore wall. Based on their primary use, packers can be divided into two main categories: production packers and service packers.
In mechanical engineering, an end-face mechanical seal (often shortened to mechanical seal) is a type of seal used in rotating equipment, such as pumps, mixers, blowers, and compressors. When a pump operates, the liquid could leak out of the pump between the rotating shaft and the stationary pump casing. Since the shaft rotates, preventing this ...
Production casing is the final casing string set in a well and usually reaches from the surface to Target Depth (TD). The type of casing used depends upon the different conditions in the well. Commonly, production casing sizes range from 4 + 1 ⁄ 2 in (110 mm) to as large as 9 + 5 ⁄ 8 in (240 mm). It is the last string cemented in a well ...
Casing and tubing flow: means that there is tubing within the casing that allows fluid to reach the surface. This tubing can be used as a kill string for chemical injection. The tubing may have a “no-go” nipple at the end as a means of pressure testing. Pumping flow: the tubing and pump are run to a depth beneath the working fluid. The pump ...
A seal is a device or material that helps join systems, mechanisms or other materials together by preventing leakage (e.g. in a pumping system), containing pressure, or excluding contamination. The effectiveness of a seal is dependent on adhesion in the case of sealants and compression in the case of gaskets .
A liner is a casing string that does not extend to the surface, being hung instead from a liner hanger set inside of the previous casing string but usually within about 300 feet (91 m) of its bottom. Other than the obvious cost savings, the liner installation allows larger drill pipe or production tubing to be used in the upper portions of the ...
The primary purpose of a wellhead is to provide the suspension point and pressure seals for the casing strings that run from the bottom of the hole sections to the surface pressure control equipment. [1] While drilling the oil well, surface pressure control is provided by a blowout preventer (BOP).