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The Papanicolaou test (abbreviated as Pap test, also known as Pap smear (AE), [1] cervical smear (BE), cervical screening (BE), [2] or smear test (BE)) is a method of cervical screening used to detect potentially precancerous and cancerous processes in the cervix (opening of the uterus or womb) or, more rarely, anus (in both men and women). [3]
The Bethesda system (TBS), officially called The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Cytology, is a system for reporting cervical or vaginal cytologic diagnoses, [1] used for reporting Pap smear results. It was introduced in 1988 [2] and revised in 1991, [3] 2001, [1] [4] [5] and 2014. [6]
Cervical cancer is a type of gynecological cancer that begins from cells lining the cervix, the lower part of the uterus. [14] Cervical cancer begins when the cells that line the cervix become abnormal and grow in a pattern that is atypical for non-cancerous cells. [14] Cervical cancer is typically first identified with an abnormal pap smear. [14]
If you get an abnormal result from your pap test, don’t panic: “Many women have abnormal cervical cancer screening results and an abnormal result does not mean that you have cancer ...
The most common investigation in this field is the Pap test, which is used to screen for potentially precancerous lesions of the cervix. Cytology can also be used to investigate disorders of the ovaries, uterus, vagina and vulva. Gynaecologic cytology makes frequent use of the Bethesda system in order to grade the results of HPV testing. [2]
The American Cancer Society's updated cervical cancer screening requirements now suggest that people with a cervix undergo human papillomavirus virus (HPV) primary testing — instead of a Pap ...