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One part per billion (ppb) denotes one part per 1,000,000,000 (10 9) parts, and a value of 10 −9. This is equivalent to about three seconds out of a century . One part per trillion ( ppt ) denotes one part per 1,000,000,000,000 (10 12 ) parts, and a value of 10 −12 .
1 volume percent = 10,000 ppmv (i.e., parts per million by volume) with a million being defined as 10 6. Care must be taken with the concentrations expressed as ppbv to differentiate between the British billion which is 10 12 and the USA billion which is 10 9 (also referred to as the long scale and short scale billion, respectively).
Although ppmv and grains per dscf have been used in the above examples, concentrations such as ppbv (i.e., parts per billion by volume), volume percent, grams per dscm and many others may also be used. 1 percent by volume = 10,000 ppmv (i.e., parts per million by volume).
Criteria can be set in different units (e.g. μg/m 3, parts per billion by volume (ppbv), parts per billion by mass (ppb (mass)), parts per million (ppm)) and it is possible to convert between all of these units if the molecular mass of the pollutant and the temperature are known. Different standard temperatures are used throughout the world ...
The median PFHxA concentration was nearly 800 parts per billion (ppb), with one sample surpassing 16,000 ppb, according to the study. ... never seen extractable concentrations in the part-per ...
The amount of pollutant present in air is usually expressed as a concentration, measured in either parts-per notation (usually parts per billion, ppb, or parts per million, ppm, also known as the volume mixing ratio), or micrograms per cubic meter (μg/m³).
Walmart recalled the Great Value apple juice for containing inorganic arsenic levels of 13.2 parts per billion (ppb), which is above the 10 ppb considered safe by the FDA.
After 2014, the increase accelerated and by 2017, it reached 1,850 (parts per billion) ppb. [52] The annual average for methane (CH 4) was 1866 ppb in 2019 and scientists reported with "very high confidence" that concentrations of CH 4 were higher than at any time in at least 800,000 years. [14]