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Dingir π , usually transliterated DIΔIR, [1] (Sumerian pronunciation:) is a Sumerian word for 'god' or 'goddess'. Its cuneiform sign is most commonly employed as the determinative for religious names and related concepts, in which case it is not pronounced and is conventionally transliterated as a superscript d , e.g. d Inanna .
Enki (Sumerian: πππ D EN-KI) is the Sumerian god of water, knowledge (), crafts (gašam), and creation (nudimmud), and one of the Anunnaki.He was later known as Ea (Akkadian: πππ) or Ae [5] in Akkadian (Assyrian-Babylonian) religion, and is identified by some scholars with Ia in Canaanite religion.
Namtar (Sumerian: ππ», lit. 'fate') was a figure in ancient Mesopotamian religion who, depending on the context, could be regarded both as a minor god and as a demon of disease. He is best attested as the sukkal (attendant deity) of Ereshkigal, the goddess of the underworld. Like her, he was not the object of active worship, though ...
Samuel Noah Kramer identifies Ki with the Sumerian mother goddess Ninhursag, stating that they were originally the same figure. [3] [4] The oldest of the Anunnaki was Enlil, the god of air [5] and chief god of the Sumerian pantheon. [6] The Sumerians believed that, until Enlil was born, heaven and earth were inseparable. [7]
Iškur appears in the list of gods found at Shuruppak but was of far less importance, perhaps because storms and rain were scarce in Sumer and agriculture there depended on irrigation instead. The gods Enlil and Ninurta also had storm god features that diminished Iškur's distinct role, and he sometimes appears as the assistant or companion of ...
Emesh is a farmer deity in the Sumerian poem Enlil Chooses the Farmer-God (ETCSL 5.3.3 Archived 2021-05-07 at the Wayback Machine), which describes how Enlil, hoping "to establish abundance and prosperity", creates two gods: Emesh and Enten, a farmer and a shepherd respectively. [332] The two gods argue and Emesh lays claim to Enten's position ...
Sumerian religion was the religion practiced by the people of Sumer, the first literate civilization found in recorded history and based in ancient Mesopotamia, and what is modern day Iraq. The Sumerians widely regarded their divinities as responsible for all matters pertaining to the natural and social orders of their society. [3]: 3–4
Sumerian writing expressed pronunciation only roughly. It was often morphophonemic, so much of the allomorphic variation could be ignored. [124] Especially in earlier Sumerian, coda consonants were also often ignored in spelling; e.g. /mungΜareš/ 'they put it here' could be written π¬π»π· mu-gΜar-re 2.