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The recorded history of Scotland begins with the arrival of the Roman Empire in the 1st century, when the province of Britannia reached as far north as the Antonine Wall. North of this was Caledonia , inhabited by the Picti , whose uprisings forced Rome's legions back to Hadrian's Wall .
This is a timeline of Scottish history, comprising important legal and territorial changes and political events in Scotland and its predecessor states. See also Timeline of prehistoric Scotland . To read about the background to many of these events, see History of Scotland .
A history of Scotland (Bloomsbury, 2018). Moffat, Alistair. The Faded Map: The Lost Kingdoms of Scotland (Birlinn, 2011). Oram, Richard. "'The worst disaster suffered by the people of Scotland in recorded history': climate change, dearth and pathogens in the long 14th century." Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland Vol. 144. (2015).
As a patron of poets and authors James V supported William Stewart and John Bellenden, who translated the Latin History of Scotland compiled in 1527 by Hector Boece, into verse and prose. Sir David Lindsay of the Mount the Lord Lyon, the head of the Lyon Court and diplomat, was a prolific poet.
Edinburgh, showing Arthur's Seat, one of the earliest known sites of human habitation in the area. While the area around modern-day Edinburgh has been inhabited for thousands of years, [1] the history of Edinburgh as a definite settlement can be traced to the early Middle Ages when a hillfort was established in the area, most likely on the Castle Rock.
Duncan, A.A.M (1989) Scotland: The Making of the Kingdom. The Edinburgh History of Scotland 1. Mercat Press. Edinburgh. Forsyth, Katherine (2000) "Evidence of a lost Pictish Source in the Historia Regum Anglorum of Symeon of Durham", with an appendix by John T. Koch. pp. 27–28 in Simon Taylor (ed.) (2000).
The Origins and Nature of the Scottish Enlightenment (1982), 12 essays by scholars, esp. on history of science; Daiches, David, Peter Jones and Jean Jones. A Hotbed of Genius: The Scottish Enlightenment, 1730–1790 (1986), 170 pp; well-illustrated introduction; Derry, J. F. Darwin in Scotland: Edinburgh, Evolution and Enlightenment. Whittles ...
The wars were part of a great crisis for Scotland, and the period became one of the most defining times in its history. At the end of both wars, Scotland retained its status as an independent state. The wars were important for other reasons, such as the emergence of the longbow as a key weapon in medieval warfare.