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University Sound US664A dynamic supercardioid microphone. The most common unidirectional microphone is a cardioid microphone, so named because the sensitivity pattern is "heart-shaped" (i.e. a cardioid). The cardioid family of microphones are commonly used as vocal or speech microphones since they are good at rejecting sounds from other directions.
Boundary microphone (Audio-Technica ATM87R) A boundary microphone (or pressure zone microphone) is one or more small omnidirectional or cardioid condenser mic capsule(s) positioned near or flush with a boundary (surface) such as a floor, table, or wall. The capsule(s) is/are typically mounted in a flat plate or housing.
Typically, an array is made up of omnidirectional microphones, directional microphones, or a mix of omnidirectional and directional microphones distributed about the perimeter of a space, linked to a computer that records and interprets the results into a coherent form. Arrays may also be formed using numbers of very closely spaced microphones.
The directionality of the 77-DX is variable. A rotating backshutter on the acoustic labyrinth, controlled by a screwdriver-operated slot at the rear of the microphone, allows the user to vary the microphone's pattern from omnidirectional in the fully closed position, to cardioid, to figure-8 (bidirectional) in the fully open position.
The internal electronic circuitry of an active noise-canceling mic attempts to subtract noise signal from the primary microphone. The circuit may employ passive or active noise canceling techniques to filter out the noise, producing an output signal that has a lower noise floor and a higher signal-to-noise ratio .
Mid/side coincident technique employs a bidirectional microphone (with a figure of 8 polar pattern) facing sideways and a cardioid (generally a variety of cardioid, although Alan Blumlein described the usage of an omnidirectional transducer in his original patent) facing the sound source.
Proximity effect can be viewed in two ways. In some settings, sound engineers may view it as undesirable, and so the type of microphone or microphone practice may be chosen in order to reduce the proximity effect. On the other hand, some microphone users seek to intentionally use the proximity effect, such as beat boxing singers in hip hop music.
The ZYLIA ZM-1 [23] is a commercially available microphone capable of generating third-order ambisonic recordings, using 19 omni-directional capsules. The em64 Eigenmike from mh acoustics [24] is a 64-channel spherical microphone array capable of sixth-order capture. The production of the em64 has superseded their previous em32 microphone.