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As a result, the empty set is the unique initial object of the category of sets and functions. The empty set can be turned into a topological space, called the empty space, in just one way: by defining the empty set to be open. This empty topological space is the unique initial object in the category of topological spaces with continuous maps.
In JavaScript, the empty string (""), null, undefined, NaN, +0, −0 and false [28] are sometimes called falsy (of which the complement is truthy) to distinguish between strictly type-checked and coerced Booleans (see also: JavaScript syntax#Type conversion). [29] As opposed to Python, empty containers (Arrays, Maps, Sets) are considered truthy.
The null coalescing operator is a binary operator that is part of the syntax for a basic conditional expression in several programming languages, such as (in alphabetical order): C# [1] since version 2.0, [2] Dart [3] since version 1.12.0, [4] PHP since version 7.0.0, [5] Perl since version 5.10 as logical defined-or, [6] PowerShell since 7.0.0, [7] and Swift [8] as nil-coalescing operator.
Neither Common Lisp nor Scheme has anything corresponding to null. The test "null" tests something for being the empty list, Python [], a value which is false in Common Lisp and true in Scheme. It has nothing to do with Python None, C NULL, or Java and C# null. --John Cowan 12:50, 13 October 2019 (UTC)
For expressions without side effects, a < b < c is equivalent to a < b and b < c. However, there is a substantial difference when the expressions have side effects. a < f(x) < b will evaluate f(x) exactly once, whereas a < f(x) and f(x) < b will evaluate it twice if the value of a is less than f(x) and once otherwise.
Nullable types are a feature of some programming languages which allow a value to be set to the special value NULL instead of the usual possible values of the data type.In statically typed languages, a nullable type is an option type, [citation needed] while in dynamically typed languages (where values have types, but variables do not), equivalent behavior is provided by having a single null ...
Use the ; empty statement [10] or the {} empty block statement the same way as in the C and derivatives examples; Use the undefined or the null expression as a complete statement (an expression statement) when the previous methods are not allowed by the syntax. Alternatives, in situations where a function is required, are:
C# 6.0 and above have ?., the null-conditional member access operator (which is also called the Elvis operator by Microsoft and is not to be confused with the general usage of the term Elvis operator, whose equivalent in C# is ??, the null coalescing operator) and ?[], the null-conditional element access operator, which performs a null-safe call of an indexer get accessor.