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Anthropology is the scientific study of humanity, concerned with human behavior, human biology, cultures, societies, and linguistics, in both the present and past, including archaic humans. [1] Social anthropology studies patterns of behavior, while cultural anthropology studies cultural meaning, including norms and values. [1]
The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to anthropology: Anthropology – study of humankind. Anthropology has origins in the natural sciences – humanities – and the social sciences. [1] The term was first used by François Péron when discussing his encounters with Tasmanian Aborigines. [2]
Sociocultural anthropology is a term used to refer to social anthropology and cultural anthropology together. It is one of the four main branches of anthropology . Sociocultural anthropologists focus on the study of society and culture, while often interested in cultural diversity and universalism .
Departments of Social Anthropology at different universities have tended to focus on disparate aspects of the field, and can be found in several universities around the world. The field of social anthropology has expanded in ways not anticipated by the founders of the field, as for example in the subfield of structure and dynamics.
Cultural anthropology is a branch of anthropology focused on the study of cultural variation among humans. It is in contrast to social anthropology, which perceives cultural variation as a subset of a posited anthropological constant. The term sociocultural anthropology includes both cultural and social anthropology traditions. [1]
The interpretive turn in the social sciences had strong foundations in the methodology of cultural anthropology. A shift occurred from using structural approaches (as an interpretive lens) towards meaning. With the interpretive turn, contextual and textual information took the lead in understanding reality, language, and culture.
Although anthropologists worldwide refer to Tylor's definition of culture, [32] in the 20th century "culture" emerged as the central and unifying concept of American anthropology, where it most commonly refers to the universal human capacity to classify and encode human experiences symbolically, and to communicate symbolically encoded ...
Ecological anthropology is a sub-field of anthropology and is defined as the "study of cultural adaptations to environments". [1] The sub-field is also defined as, "the study of relationships between a population of humans and their biophysical environment ". [ 2 ]