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l-DOPA can be manufactured and in its pure form is sold as a drug with the INN Tooltip International Nonproprietary Name levodopa. Trade names include Sinemet, Pharmacopa, Atamet, and Stalevo. Trade names include Sinemet, Pharmacopa, Atamet, and Stalevo.
The drug is a centrally permeable monoamine precursor and prodrug of dopamine and hence acts as a dopamine receptor agonist. [3] Chemically, levodopa is an amino acid, a phenethylamine, and a catecholamine. [3] Levodopa was first synthesized and isolated in the early 1910s. [3] The antiparkinsonian effects of levodopa were discovered in the ...
An aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase inhibitor (synonyms: DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor, extracerebral decarboxylase inhibitor, DDCI and AAADI) is a medication of type enzyme inhibitor which inhibits the synthesis of dopamine by the enzyme aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC, AAAD, or DOPA decarboxylase).
Invasive treatment options - known as device-assisted therapies (DATs) - being either non-drug-based, such as electrodes for deep brain stimulation, or drug-based, with L-dopa or related drugs associated to external pumps for continuous subcutaneous or enteral infusion, are available to increase central bioavailability of L-dopa and greater ...
In 1969, Sayer discovers the beneficial effects of the drug L-DOPA and administers the drug to catatonic patients who survived the 1919–1930 epidemic of encephalitis lethargica. The patients - among them the focal character Leonard Lowe (De Niro) - are awakened after decades and must therefore try to acclimate to life in a new and unfamiliar ...
A drug combining L-DOPA with benserazide was marketed under the brand name of Madopar. Independent work was carried out by Victor Lotti at Merck in West Point, Pennsylvania. Merck had already synthesized and patented carbidopa, another dopa decarboxylase inhibitor in 1962, and in 1971 Lotti showed that the use of the L-form of carbidopa ...