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Quinine is an alkaloid, a naturally occurring chemical compound. [5] How it works as a medicine is not entirely clear. [5] Quinine was first isolated in 1820 from the bark of a cinchona tree, which is native to Peru, [5] [9] [10] and its molecular formula was determined by Adolph Strecker in 1854. [11]
By 1913, 95 percent of quinine production was controlled by the Dutch Kinabureau through large plantations on Java. [2] With the outbreak of World War II, a supply of quinine was essential for successful military operations. In 1942, the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies cut off the supply of quinine to the allies. [1]
Jesuit's bark, also known as cinchona bark, Peruvian bark or China bark, is a former remedy for malaria, as the bark contains quinine used to treat the disease. [1] The bark of several species of the genus Cinchona , family Rubiaceae indigenous to the western Andes of South America, was introduced to Jesuit missionaries during the 17th century ...
Quinine, the key ingredient in tonic water, is derived from cinchona bark. It was first used as a digestive aid and later became widely known for its effectiveness in treating malaria.
Cinchona bark was mainly important for the production of quinine, at that time just about the only effective remedy against malaria. The Kinabureau was part of a cartel of producers of cinchona bark and quinine. [2] About 90% of the cinchona bark was produced in the then Dutch East Indies, [3] mainly on the Pengalengan plateau near Bandung.
Quinine Cartel was a cartel regarding price and territory of producers of quinine and quinidine.There were two separate cartels with different members each time. From the first isolation of quinine as an API in the year 1792 until the year 1947 [1] it remained the only effective medicine against Malaria until Chloroquine (a comparable but synthetic API) and other drugs in adequate amounts ...
C. pubescens varies from small to large in size, growing to 10 metres (33 ft) in height. When cut, the bark tends to turn red. Leaves are elliptical to oblate and thin. The leaves have pubescent teeth that turn red when they are older, hence its nickname the red quinine t
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