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Stony coral tissue loss disease (SCTLD) is a disease of corals that first appeared off the southeast coast of Florida in 2014. It originally was described as white plague disease . [ 1 ] By 2019 it had spread along the Florida Keys and had appeared elsewhere in the Caribbean Sea .
Florida's coral reefs are currently undergoing an unprecedented stony coral tissue loss disease. The disease covers a large geographic range and affects many species of coral. [85] In January 2019, science divers confirmed that the outbreak of stony coral tissue that extends south and west of Key West.
Scleractinia, also called stony corals or hard corals, are marine animals in the phylum Cnidaria that build themselves a hard skeleton. The individual animals are known as polyps and have a cylindrical body crowned by an oral disc in which a mouth is fringed with tentacles.
tissue loss resulting from disease in a brain coral species. There are some visible signs that a coral has a disease. This includes, but is not limited to, tissue loss, abnormal coloration, and mistakes in skeleton structure. [5] These symptoms show that corals have diseases, but they can also be caused by environmental factors.
This marine environment has been degraded in a variety of ways. Corals have been experiencing an increasing number of diseases. There is black-band disease which infects major coral reefs such as Montastraea annularis. [4] The most severe diseases are stony coral tissue loss disease, the white-band and white plague disease. [4]
This species was listed as Least Concern for years on the IUCN Red List, however the most recent assessment in 2021 has resulted in a sudden uplisting due to the species' predicted decline, in part due to its susceptibility to Stony Coral Tissue Loss Disease. [15]
Raising corals on line structures increases the distance between the coral colonies and potential predators, benthic diseases, and there is less space to compete for. Corals grown in line nurseries need to be moved to fixed substrates after an initial growth period, while those propagated on fixed structures can grow indefinitely.
Galaxea astreata is a common and cosmopolitan large polyp scleractinian coral, (stony, hard coral) in the family Euphylliidae.It has a sub-massive morphology.It is found in the Indo-Pacific [2] and is the most abundant coral species in Xuwen Coral Reef National Nature Reserve.