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"Bondservants, be obedient to those who are your masters according to the flesh, with fear and trembling, in sincerity of heart, as to Christ;" [10] Note that the original Greek text uses the term "δοῦλοι" (translated in the NKJV as "Bondservants"), which is generally translated as "slave", [11] and which, in the context of first-century Greece under Roman rule, referred to chattels.
In Ephesians 6:5–8, Paul states "Slaves, be obedient to your human masters with fear and trembling, in sincerity of heart, as to Christ." [96] Similar statements regarding obedient slaves can be found in Colossians 3:22–24, 1 Timothy 6:1–2, and Titus 2:9–10.
Passages like Ephesians 6:5, "Servants, be obedient to them that are your masters according to the flesh, with fear and trembling, in singleness of your heart, as unto Christ", were retained. [4] The Museum of the Bible , during a 2018 exhibition called "The Slave Bible: Let the Story Be Told", exhibited an example from 1807.
If a male slave had been given another slave in marriage, and they had a family, the wife and children remained the property of the master. However, if the slave was happy with his master, and wished to stay with a wife that his owner gave to him, he could renounce manumission, an act which would be signified, as in other Ancient Near Eastern ...
If a master harmed a slave in one of the ways covered by the lex talionis, the slave was to be compensated by manumission; [27] if the slave died within 24 to 48 hours, he or she was to be avenged [28] (whether this refers to the death penalty [20] [29] or not [30] is uncertain).
“Slaves Obey Your Masters according to the Flesh (Col 3:22a; Eph 6:5a) in Servile Perspective.” Listening: Journal of Communication Ethics, Religion, and Culture 56 (2021) 251-61. “The Parable of the Talents (Matthew 25:14-30): Imagining A Slave’s Perspective.” Journal of the Gospels and Acts Research 2 (October 2018) 7-21.
The Holman Christian Standard Bible translated the phrase as "No one can be a slave of two masters". [2] David Hill notes that while labourers would frequently have more than one employer, it was impossible for a slave to have two masters and the author of Matthew may have chosen the slave metaphor as the clearer one. [3]
The Pastoral Rule of Gregory I “The Great”, reigned 590-604, directed that slaves should behave humbly as they are only slaves but that Masters, like their slaves, were also slaves of God. [133] He also commended the act of manumission for those who had been condemned jus gentium to slavery.