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Hawkins–Kennedy test: a positive test indicates shoulder impingement syndrome; Empty beer can test: a positive test indicates rotator cuff tear, specifically, supraspinatus muscle tear; Drop arm test: a positive test indicates a supraspinatus tear; External Rotation test: a positive test indicates an infraspinatus or teres minor tear
Jobe's test is a physical exam test that is used to detect anterior shoulder instability. It is used to distinguish between anterior instability and primary shoulder impingement. This test should be performed after the Apprehension test. [3] This test was named for Christopher Jobe. [4]
Pivot-shift test. The pivot-shift test [1] is one of the three major tests for assessing anterior cruciate injury or laxity, the other two being the anterior drawer and Lachman test. However, unlike the other two, it tests for instability, an important determinant as to how the knee will function. [1]
Impingement of the shoulder was previously thought to be precipitated by shoulder abduction and surgical intervention focused on lateral or total acromionectomy. [4] [25] In 1972, Charles Neer proposed that impingement was due to the anterior third of the acromion and the coracoacromial ligament and suggested surgery should be focused on these ...
In both tests, the patient is placed in a standing or sitting position, and the arms are raised parallel to the ground in the scapular plane. [2] The tests differ in the rotation of the arm; in the empty can test, the arm is rotated to full internal rotation (thumb down) and in the full can test, the arm is rotated to 45° external rotation, thumb up. [1]
The Neer impingement test is a test designed to reproduce symptoms of rotator cuff impingement through flexing the shoulder and pressure application. Symptoms should be reproduced if there is a problem with the supraspinatus or biceps brachii. [1] This test is also associated with the Hawkins-Kennedy Test and Jobe's Test. [2]
Anterior shoulder dislocation while carrying a frail elder. A dislocated shoulder is a condition in which the head of the humerus is detached from the glenoid fossa. [2] Symptoms include shoulder pain and instability. [2] Complications may include a Bankart lesion, Hill-Sachs lesion, rotator cuff tear, or injury to the axillary nerve. [1]
examination of the shoulder: Yergason's test is a special test used for orthopedic examination of the shoulder and upper arm region, ...