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The Earth's radius is the distance from Earth's center to its surface, about 6,371 km (3,959 mi). While "radius" normally is a characteristic of perfect spheres, the Earth deviates from spherical by only a third of a percent, sufficiently close to treat it as a sphere in many contexts and justifying the term "the radius of the Earth".
Spherical Earth or Earth's curvature refers to the approximation of the figure of the Earth to a sphere. The concept of a spherical Earth gradually displaced earlier beliefs in a flat Earth during classical antiquity and the Middle Ages. The figure of the Earth is more accurately described as an ellipsoid, which was realized in the early modern ...
The anthroposphere is the youngest of all the Earth's spheres, yet has made an enormous impact on the Earth and its systems in a very short time. [ 5 ] Some consider the term anthroposphere to be synonymous with the noosphere , though the noosphere is often used to refer specifically to the sphere of rational human thought, or ‘the ...
A volvelle from a sixteenth-century edition of Sacrobosco's De Sphaera. De sphaera mundi (Latin title meaning On the Sphere of the World, sometimes rendered The Sphere of the Cosmos; the Latin title is also given as Tractatus de sphaera, Textus de sphaera, or simply De sphaera) is a medieval introduction to the basic elements of astronomy written by Johannes de Sacrobosco (John of Holywood) c ...
The pedosphere is the skin of the Earth and only develops when there is a dynamic interaction between the atmosphere (air in and above the soil), biosphere (living organisms), lithosphere (unconsolidated regolith and consolidated bedrock) and the hydrosphere (water in, on and below the soil). The pedosphere is the foundation of terrestrial life ...
The Geometrical Foundation of Natural Structure: A source book of Design. pp. 142– 144, Figure 4-49, 50, 51 Custers of 12 spheres, 42 spheres, 92 spheres. Pugh, Antony (1976). "Chapter 6. The Geodesic Polyhedra of R. Buckminster Fuller and Related Polyhedra". Polyhedra: a visual approach. Wenninger, Magnus (1979). Spherical Models.
s is along the surface of Earth, d is the straight line distance, and ~d is the approximate straight line distance assuming h << the radius of Earth, 6371 km. In the SVG image, hover over a graph to highlight it. On a completely flat Earth without obstructions (mountains, hills, valleys or volcanos), the ground itself would never obscure ...
A diagram illustrating great-circle distance (drawn in red) between two points on a sphere, P and Q. Two antipodal points, u and v are also shown.. The great-circle distance, orthodromic distance, or spherical distance is the distance between two points on a sphere, measured along the great-circle arc between them.