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Injection site reactions (ISRs) are reactions that occur at the site of injection of a drug. They may be mild or severe and may or may not require medical intervention. Some reactions may appear immediately after injection, and some may be delayed. [1] Such reactions can occur with subcutaneous, intramuscular, or intravenous administration.
[1] [4] Intravenous injection requires a direct injection of high-dose MTX into a patient’s vein; [4] Intrathecal injection, i.e. injection of the drug into the intrathecal space holding cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), is either administered via the Ommaya reservoir, an implanted container passing fluid into the brain, or by lumbar puncture.
By intravenous injection it is used for treatment of colorectal cancer, oesophageal cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, breast cancer, and cervical cancer. [3] As a cream it is used for actinic keratosis, basal cell carcinoma, and skin warts. [4] [5] Side effects of use by injection are common. [3]
A substantial proportion of people and physicians, experience stress in judging the trade-off between different treatment options and treatment side-effects which adds to the stress of cancer diagnosed, a situation made worse in that eight out of ten people with prostate cancer have no one to confide in except their spouse and one out of five ...
Do not choose inadvertently "dislodgeable" veins (e.g. dorsum of hand or vicinity of joints) if an alternative vein is available. The digits, hands, and wrists should be avoided as intravenous sites for vesicant administration because of the close network of tendons and nerves that would be destroyed if an extravasation occurred.
Intrathecal administration is a route of administration for drugs via an injection into the spinal canal, or into the subarachnoid space so that it reaches the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). It is useful in several applications, such as for spinal anesthesia , chemotherapy , or pain management .
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