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  2. List of unsolved problems in chemistry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_unsolved_problems...

    Protein folding problem: Is it possible to predict the secondary, tertiary and quaternary structure of a polypeptide sequence based solely on the sequence and environmental information? Inverse protein-folding problem: Is it possible to design a polypeptide sequence which will adopt a given structure under certain environmental conditions?

  3. Fungibility - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungibility

    In economics and law, fungibility is the property of a good or a commodity whose individual units are essentially interchangeable. [1] [2] In legal terms, this affects how legal rights (such as ownership and the right to receive goods under a contract) apply to such items. Fungible things can be substituted for each other; for example, a $100 ...

  4. Frustrated Lewis pair - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frustrated_Lewis_pair

    This problem can be overcome using various methods: 1) Application of elevated temperatures 2) Using sterically bulky imine substituents 3) Protecting the imine with the B(C 6 F 5) 3 group, which also serves as a Lewis acid promoter.

  5. Ring expansion and contraction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring_expansion_and_contraction

    The specific problem is: uneven quality of sourcing—substantially primary (and not full) sources—reflecting editorial decisions to include/exclude examples, decisions that, i, constitute original research, and ii, that are unfortunately not scholarly and up to date. Please help improve this article if you can.

  6. Clar's rule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clar's_rule

    Clar's rule is widely applied in the fields of chemistry and materials science. For instance, Clar's rule can be used to predict several properties of graphene nanoribbons . [ 10 ] Aromatic π-sextets play an important part in the determination of the ground state of open shell biradical -type structures., [ 4 ] Clar's rule can rationalize the ...

  7. Neighbouring group participation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neighbouring_group...

    In organic chemistry, neighbouring group participation (NGP, also known as anchimeric assistance) has been defined by the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) as the interaction of a reaction centre with a lone pair of electrons in an atom or the electrons present in a sigma or pi bond contained within the parent molecule but not conjugated with the reaction centre.

  8. Acidic oxide - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acidic_oxide

    Carbonic acid is an illustrative example of the Lewis acidity of an acidic oxide. CO 2 + 2OH − ⇌ HCO 3 − + OH − ⇌ CO 3 2− + H 2 O. This property is a key reason for keeping alkali chemicals well sealed from the atmosphere, as long-term exposure to carbon dioxide in the air can degrade the material.

  9. List of chemistry mnemonics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_chemistry_mnemonics

    A mnemonic is a memory aid used to improve long-term memory and make the process of consolidation easier. Many chemistry aspects, rules, names of compounds, sequences of elements, their reactivity, etc., can be easily and efficiently memorized with the help of mnemonics.