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The specific drug, dose, and frequency of administration impacts the risk for and severity of complications. Complications of epidural steroid administration are similar to the side effects of steroids administered in other manners, and can include higher than normal blood sugar, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. [16]
Epidural steroid injection (ESI) is a technique in which corticosteroids and a local anesthetic are injected into the epidural space around the spinal cord in an effort to improve spinal stenosis, spinal disc herniation, or both. It is of benefit with a rare rate of major side effects. [1][2]
Spinal anaesthesia is the technique of choice for Caesarean section as it avoids a general anaesthetic and the risk of failed intubation (which is probably a lot lower than the widely quoted 1 in 250 in pregnant women [3]). It also means the mother is conscious and the partner is able to be present at the birth of the child.
An epidural blood patch (EBP) is a surgical procedure that uses autologous blood, meaning the patient's own blood, in order to close one or many holes in the dura mater of the spinal cord, which occurred as a complication of a lumbar puncture or epidural placement. [ 1 ][ 2 ] The punctured dura causes cerebrospinal fluid leak (CSF leak). [ 1 ]
PDPH is a common side effect of spinal anaesthesia (pictured). Post-dural-puncture headache (PDPH) is a complication of puncture of the dura mater (one of the membranes around the brain and spinal cord). [3] The headache is severe and described as "searing and spreading like hot metal", involving the back and front of the head and spreading to ...
The epidural syringe is filled with autologous blood and injected in the epidural space in order to close holes in the dura mater. The treatment of choice for this condition is the surgical application of epidural blood patches, [27] [79] [80] which has a higher success rate than conservative treatments of bed rest and hydration. [81]
Bupivacaine, marketed under the brand name Marcaine among others, is a medication used to decrease sensation in a specific small area. [5] In nerve blocks, it is injected around a nerve that supplies the area, or into the spinal canal's epidural space. [5] It is available mixed with a small amount of epinephrine to increase the duration of its ...
The procedure, especially when performed by untrained doctors, had a number of risks and side-effects. Its rise and fall coincided with both first-wave feminism and the anti-German sentiment that arose during World War I. In 1956, Pope Pius XII approved the use of painless childbirth. [10] The 1960s saw the rise of epidural analgesics for pain ...