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This is a list of prices of chemical elements. Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities. Listed here are mainly average market prices for bulk trade of commodities. Data on elements' abundance in Earth's crust is added for comparison.
Energy consumption per unit weight of product is not far below that for iron and steel manufacture [13] and greater than for the production of glass [14] or cement. [15] Since electricity is an indispensable raw material for the production of chlorine, the energy consumption corresponding to the electrochemical reaction cannot be reduced ...
The process has a high energy consumption, for example around 2,500 kWh (9,000 MJ) of electricity per tonne of sodium hydroxide produced. Because the process yields equivalent amounts of chlorine and sodium hydroxide (two moles of sodium hydroxide per mole of chlorine), it is necessary to find a use for these products in the same proportion ...
The World Chlorine Council (WCC) is an international network of national and regional trade associations representing the chlorine and chlorinated products industries in more than 27 countries. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Members include chloralkali process associations such as Euro Chlor , Japan Soda Industry Association , Alkali Manufacturers' Association of ...
Chlorine is a chemical element; it has symbol Cl and atomic number 17. The second-lightest of the halogens, it appears between fluorine and bromine in the periodic table and its properties are mostly intermediate between them. Chlorine is a yellow-green gas at room temperature.
The largest reservoir of chlorine resides in the lithosphere, where 2.2 × 10 22 kg of global chlorine is found in Earth's mantle. [2] Volcanic eruptions will sporadically release high levels of chlorine as HCl into the troposphere , but the majority of the terrestrial chlorine flux comes from seawater sources mixing with the mantle.
It is highly toxic to fish, with an LD 50 of 0.022–0.095 mg/kg (oral). Oxychlordane (C 10 H 4 Cl 8 O), the primary metabolite of chlordane, and heptachlor epoxide, the primary metabolite of heptachlor, along with the two other main components of the chlordane mixture, cis -nonachlor and trans -nonachlor, are the main bioaccumulating constituents.
It is used at moderately acidic pH (3.5 to 6). The use of chlorine dioxide minimizes the amount of organochlorine compounds produced. [8] Chlorine dioxide (ECF technology) currently is the most important bleaching method worldwide. About 95% of all bleached kraft pulp is made using chlorine dioxide in ECF bleaching sequences. [12]