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  2. Grade (slope) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grade_(slope)

    Slope may still be expressed when the horizontal run is not known: the rise can be divided by the hypotenuse (the slope length). This is not the usual way to specify slope; this nonstandard expression follows the sine function rather than the tangent function, so it calls a 45 degree slope a 71 percent grade instead of a 100 percent. But in ...

  3. Range of a projectile - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range_of_a_projectile

    In physics, a projectile launched with specific initial conditions will have a range. It may be more predictable assuming a flat Earth with a uniform gravity field, and no air resistance. The horizontal ranges of a projectile are equal for two complementary angles of projection with the same velocity.

  4. Projectile motion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projectile_motion

    The equation = + (+) = is of the form + + =, and such an equation can be transformed into an equation solvable by the function (see an example of such a transformation here). Some algebra shows that the total time of flight, in closed form, is given as [ 10 ]

  5. Tobler's hiking function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobler's_hiking_function

    dh = elevation difference, dx = distance, S = slope, θ = angle of slope (inclination). The velocity on the flat terrain is 5 km / h, the maximum speed of 6 km / h is achieved roughly at -2.86°. [5] On flat terrain this formula works out to 5 km/h. For off-path travel, this value should be multiplied by 3/5, for horseback by 5/4. [1]

  6. External ballistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/External_ballistics

    The second equation is identical to the one used to find the weighted average at R / 4; add N × (R/2) where R is the range in feet to the chord average retardation coefficient at midrange and where N is the slope constant factor. [23]

  7. Deflection (engineering) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflection_(engineering)

    The deflection distance of a member under a load can be calculated by integrating the function that mathematically describes the slope of the deflected shape of the member under that load. Standard formulas exist for the deflection of common beam configurations and load cases at discrete locations.

  8. Slope - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slope

    Slope illustrated for y = (3/2)x − 1.Click on to enlarge Slope of a line in coordinates system, from f(x) = −12x + 2 to f(x) = 12x + 2. The slope of a line in the plane containing the x and y axes is generally represented by the letter m, [5] and is defined as the change in the y coordinate divided by the corresponding change in the x coordinate, between two distinct points on the line.

  9. Hypsometry - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypsometry

    When drawn as a 2-dimensional histogram, a hypsometric curve displays the elevation (y) on the vertical, y-axis and area above the corresponding elevation (x) on the horizontal or x-axis. The curve can also be shown in non-dimensional or standardized form by scaling elevation and area by the maximum values.