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Prolonged concussion is defined as having concussion symptoms for over four weeks following the first accident in youth and for weeks or months in adults. [7] A diagnosis may be made when symptoms resulting from concussion last for more than three months after the injury.
In 2005, Preston Plevretes, a football player for LaSalle University, had his life changed forever by second-impact syndrome. After undergoing a head-to-head hit at football practice, a university nurse practitioner diagnosed Plevretes with a concussion and two days later was told he was allowed to resume play.
A concussion, also known as a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. [8] Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, difficulty with thinking and concentration, sleep disturbances, mood changes, a brief period of memory loss, brief loss of consciousness; problems with balance; nausea; blurred vision; and mood changes.
TBI can be classified based on severity ranging from mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI/concussion) to severe traumatic brain injury. [5] TBI can also be characterized based on mechanism ( closed or penetrating head injury ) or other features (e.g., occurring in a specific location or over a widespread area). [ 6 ]
A term known as Post-concussive Symptoms, or PCS, can be found in many children at or under 18 years of age. PCS can impact the psychosocial functions and overall quality of life of the individual. Symptoms (headaches, dizziness, memory problems, etc) can last from weeks to months.
Acute concussion symptoms (those that occur shortly after an injury) should not be confused with CTE. Differentiating between prolonged post-concussion syndrome (PCS, where symptoms begin shortly after a concussion and last for weeks, months, and sometimes even years) and CTE symptoms can be difficult.
Concussion grading systems are sets of criteria used in sports medicine to determine the severity, or grade, of a concussion, the mildest form of traumatic brain injury. At least 16 such systems exist, [ 1 ] and there is little agreement among professionals about which is the best to use. [ 2 ]
Much research and focus has been given to concussion suffered frequently by athletes. While the severity of brain trauma has been standardized for immediate "sideline" assessment, much work needs to be done to understand how to rehabilitate or accelerate the rehabilitation of athletes' brain function following serious concussion—whether consciousness is lost or a dazed/confused feeling is ...