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It has bismuth in its +5 oxidation state. It is a very strong oxidizing agent. It reacts with hot water to make bismuth(III) oxide and oxygen. It also reacts with acids. Sodium bismuthate is the most common bismuthate. It is one of the few sodium compounds that does not dissolve in water. [1]
Bismuth metal has been known since ancient times and it was one of the first 10 metals to have been discovered. The name bismuth dates to around 1665 and is of uncertain etymology. The name possibly comes from obsolete German Bismuth, Wismut, Wissmuth (early 16th century), perhaps related to Old High German hwiz ("white"). [10]
Previously, it was believed that bismuthyl plays almost the main role in the geochemistry of bismuth and metamorphic processes taking place in a liquid medium. Already in ore waters, bismuth and its main compounds are oxidized, forming a sparingly soluble oxychloride — bismoclite, which, when mixed with bicarbonate background waters, is replaced by an even more sparingly soluble — bismuthite.
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Unlike the lighter pnictogens nitrogen, phosphorus, and arsenic, but similar to antimony, bismuth does not form a stable hydride. Bismuth hydride, bismuthine (BiH 3), is an endothermic compound that spontaneously decomposes at room temperature. It is stable only below −60 °C. [5] Bismuthides are intermetallic compounds between bismuth and ...
Bismuth chloride (or butter of bismuth) is an inorganic compound with the chemical formula BiCl 3. It is a covalent compound and is the common source of the Bi 3+ ion. In the gas phase and in the crystal, the species adopts a pyramidal structure, in accord with VSEPR theory .
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[1] [2] The main bismuth oxidation states are Bi(III) and Bi(V) as in all higher group 15 elements. The energy of a bond to carbon in this group decreases in the order P > As > Sb > Bi. [3] The first reported use of bismuth in organic chemistry was in oxidation of alcohols by Frederick Challenger in 1934 (using Ph 3 Bi(OH) 2). [4]