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High Resolution Melt (HRM) analysis is a powerful technique in molecular biology for the detection of mutations, polymorphisms and epigenetic differences in double-stranded DNA samples. It was discovered and developed by Idaho Technology and the University of Utah. [1] It has advantages over other genotyping technologies, namely:
Nucleic acid thermodynamics is the study of how temperature affects the nucleic acid structure of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA). The melting temperature (T m) is defined as the temperature at which half of the DNA strands are in the random coil or single-stranded (ssDNA) state. T m depends on the length of the DNA molecule and its specific ...
A section of DNA. The bases lie horizontally between the two spiraling strands [15] (animated version). The DNA double helix is stabilized primarily by two forces: hydrogen bonds between nucleotides and base-stacking interactions among aromatic nucleobases. [16] The four bases found in DNA are adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and thymine (T).
During the rolling circle replication, the ssDNA of geminivirus is converted to dsDNA and Rep is then attached to the dsDNA at the origin sequence TAATATTAC. After Rep, along with other replication proteins, binds to the dsDNA it forms a stem loop where the DNA is then cleaved at the nanomer sequence causing a displacement of the strand.
Recombineering with ssDNA provided a breakthrough both in the efficiency of the reaction and the ease of making point mutations. [1] This technique was further enhanced by the discovery that by avoiding the methyl-directed mismatch repair system, the frequency of obtaining recombinants can be increased to over 10 7 /10 8 viable cells. [14]
Restriction endonucleases may be found that cleave standard dsDNA (double-stranded DNA), or ssDNA (single-stranded DNA), or even RNA. [citation needed] This discussion is restricted to dsDNA; however, the discussion can be extended to the following: Standard dsDNA; Non-standard DNA; Holliday junctions
In contrast, pathogenic anti-dsDNA antibodies found in SLE are usually of IgG isotype and show high avidity for dsDNA. [15] One possible mechanism for anti-dsDNA and their role in nephritis is the formation of immune complexes that arise by indirect binding to DNA or nucleosomes that are adhered to the glomerular basement membrane (GBM).
Nanopore sequencing took 25 years to materialize. David Deamer was one of the first to push the idea. In 1989 he sketched out a plan to push single-strands of DNA through a protein nanopore embedded into a thin membrane as part his work to synthesize RNA.