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Additionally, the proteins ERCC1, RPA, RAD23A, RAD23B, and others also participate in nucleotide excision repair. A more complete list of proteins involved in NER is found below. Eukaryotic nucleotide excision repair can be divided into two subpathways: global genomic NER (GG-NER) and transcription coupled NER (TC-NER).
The XRCC1 protein does not have enzymatic activity, but acts as a scaffolding protein that interacts with multiple repair enzymes. The scaffolding allows these repair enzymes to then carry out their enzymatic steps in repairing DNA. XRCC1 is involved in single-strand break repair, base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair. [6]
It is a component of the general transcription and DNA repair factor IIH core complex involved in transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair. Along with XPB , XPD is a part of human transcriptional initiation factor TFIIH and has ATP-dependent helicase activity. [ 5 ]
DNA can be damaged by ultraviolet radiation, toxins, radioactive substances, and reactive biochemical intermediates like free radicals.The ERCC6 protein is involved in repairing the genome when specific genes undergoing transcription (dubbed active genes) are inoperative; as such, ERCC6 serves as a transcription-coupled excision repair protein, being one of the fundamental enzymes in active ...
XPB plays a significant role in normal basal transcription, transcription coupled repair (TCR), and nucleotide excision repair (NER). Purified XPB has been shown to unwind DNA with 3’-5’ polarity. The function of the XPB(ERCC3) protein in NER is to assist in unwinding the DNA double helix after damage is initially recognized. NER is a multi ...
STK19 is involved in Transcription Coupled Nucleotide Excision Repair (TC-NER), a DNA repair pathway that preferentially detects and removes DNA damage in portions of the genome that are being actively transcribed (copied from DNA into RNA). (By contrast, the non-transcribed strand and portions of the genome not under active transcription are ...
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a major pathway for repairing a variety of bulky DNA damages including those introduced by UV irradiation. The XPA protein appears to play a key role in NER at sites of damage as a scaffold for other repair proteins in order to ensure that the damages are appropriately excised. [5]
The GTF2H5(TTDA) gene encodes a small (71 amino acid) protein that stabilizes the multi-subunit transcription repair factor IIH(TFIIH). TFIIH plays a key role in a major DNA repair process, nucleotide excision repair (NER), by opening the DNA double helix after the initial recognition of damage in one strand. This step is followed by excision ...