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In statistics and numerical analysis, isotonic regression or monotonic regression is the technique of fitting a free-form line to a sequence of observations such that the fitted line is non-decreasing (or non-increasing) everywhere, and lies as close to the observations as possible.
A perfectly monotonic increasing relationship implies that for any two pairs of data values X i, Y i and X j, Y j, that X i − X j and Y i − Y j always have the same sign. A perfectly monotonic decreasing relationship implies that these differences always have opposite signs. The Spearman correlation coefficient is often described as being ...
In mathematics, a monotonic function (or monotone function) is a function between ordered sets that preserves or reverses the given order. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] [ 3 ] This concept first arose in calculus , and was later generalized to the more abstract setting of order theory .
In mathematics (including combinatorics, linear algebra, and dynamical systems), a linear recurrence with constant coefficients [1]: ch. 17 [2]: ch. 10 (also known as a linear recurrence relation or linear difference equation) sets equal to 0 a polynomial that is linear in the various iterates of a variable—that is, in the values of the elements of a sequence.
Once it had been realized that INT models may be perceived as special cases of a much broader general approach for modeling non-linear monotone convex relationships, the new Response Modeling Methodology had been initiated and developed (Shore, 2005a, [2] 2011 [3] and references therein).
In mathematics, the notions of an absolutely monotonic function and a completely monotonic function are two very closely related concepts. Both imply very strong monotonicity properties. Both imply very strong monotonicity properties.
In the mathematical field of numerical analysis, monotone cubic interpolation is a variant of cubic interpolation that preserves monotonicity of the data set being interpolated. Monotonicity is preserved by linear interpolation but not guaranteed by cubic interpolation .
In general, a sigmoid function is monotonic, and has a first derivative which is bell shaped. Conversely, the integral of any continuous, non-negative, bell-shaped function (with one local maximum and no local minimum, unless degenerate) will be sigmoidal.